Big Brook :: Personal Narrative Fishing Essays

Big BrookWhen you leave this place, you will ever phone the nights fishin up on Big Brook, my father once told me. And to this day I name never forgotten my experiences up on that little tributary of the Namakagon River in northern Wisconsin. My father always dreams of the old days when he would go out with a creel over his shoulder and catch a meal of fish. bleed takes too much of his time now, but I remember the times we would go up to Big Brook after work and spend the exit hours before the sun set fishing our favorite holes in hopes for a big trout to bite. I remember this now, many years later, but my memories are quiet down perfectly clear. We would get home from work, dad would say, Alright, I am goin up to Big Brook, if ya wanna come with, I am leavin in five. This was our cue, my brothers and I would drop everything we were doing, clutch our rods, and head out to the garden to pick a handful of worms. The garden was always the best spot for the worms they seemed to lo ve the dark rich soil and always grew the biggest. Even though we dug them every week, there would always seem to be more the next time we went out. When we arrived at the meandering stream, Dad would say, Alright, I get the first 100 yards downstream, everything else is open season for you all to fight about. My brothers would usually get the section just upstream, cause they were bigger, and I didnt have much say in the matter. So there we were, all the guys in the family on the river, my father heading to his favorite spot, my brothers marching upstream together, and I go away to make my way downstream, by dint of the blackberry brush to the beaver pond. When I left the river to walk downstream all the difficulties from the day were left behind. I walked through a grove of aspen, and looking under a clump of brush I saw a cottontail rabbit, but he knew, if he didnt move I wouldnt see the little guy so I passed quietly, in hopes not to scare him. As I walked I would be occasiona lly wafted with the smell of wild roses, or the smell of fresh air that would blow through the trees.

Teaching - Igniting the Spark in our Learning Community Essay -- Colle

Teaching - Igniting the Spark in our Learning CommunityI tend to be a talker. I can keep up a good bit of conversation for much longer than my schedule usually allows. The gift of gab is a property I invite learned to apply in numerous different realms, and I intend for it to lead a flow of information in my classroom. The silk hat thing about being a talker is that at any given moment, I am usually armed with half a twelve different ways to say the same thing. I love being able to talk with someone who is having trouble understanding something, and spin the information to him or her in a new way that they can understand. Being able to successfully take aim information to someone who has been confused is remarkable to me. So, with my gift, I have been exchanging ideas and information with every community I participate in, from Rock Climbing and Boy Scouts, to Drama and Classrooms. I have found a niche as a teacher able to converse with students in a variety of formats, wh ich affords me the opportunity to participate in the passing of information, and to view its flow into knowledge. Since I was indue with such an abundance of speech, I have taken a strong interest in language, and the numerous ways that it can be used to convey a variety of information. I feel that each student in my education community should be guided toward their highest goals. Every student that walks in the accession has the ability to discover a field that interests him/her, and to develop knowledge in that field. It is my job as a teacher to foster each students interests, and provide them with the appropriate tools of language that will allow them to succeed in any field, and thus meet their goals. This is quite easier said than done. I truly ... ...d matter can keep acquisition interesting, and personal for each of my students. Each format will be identified as a tool of language, because information is otiose for students if they dont have a clear guide for ap plying it. In this WAC-type manner students will be guided to experience how important language is in every field. I believe my conversational ability will help establish this type of a classroom community. This community will benefit from a variety of activities that can illustrate the importance, and numerous uses of our language in any field my students show an interest in. I can spark others in our learning community with my interest in the abilities of language through my conversational skills, that interest can play an integral part in the achievement of the goals of everyone involved with the community at one time or another.

The Colonies :: American Independence

What major problems did the young republic face after its victory over Great Britain? How did these problems motivate members of the elite to call for a federal composing? In 1776 when the Colonies declared their independence from Great Britain with the Declaration of Independence they had one clear goal in mind become a sovereign land and avoid the tyranny of Great Britain. What they did non know, however, is that they had to face many more issues beyond simply cutting the ties with Great Britain they also had to create and maintain a working system of rules which could guide them into becoming the United States of America. Once Independence was gained in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created, but with many deep flaws in the system. The Federal governing had no power, and the states were loosely held together and hardly acted as if they were a single united nation. After recognizing that these problems were too large to overcome easily, several of the greatest work fo rce in the nation gathered together to rectify these problems.The Colonies were excited about having won their independence in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, but they still had to be able to create their receive system of disposal which they thought would create a strong government which would not have an overpowering central government as they thought Great Britain had had. With this was the creation of the Articles of Confederation. These articles were meant to create strong local and state governments while not granting any power to the central government with the thinking that it could not have any power over the states. The states were allowed to conduct their own diplomacy, or war, from nation to nation or even from state to state. States were allowed to create their own currency and put heavy import taxes on goods from other states. The federal government had no independent executive, nor could it levy taxes on any part of the states. It could not create or maintain a militia this duty was left to the states. All decisions had to be ratified by all thirteen colonies. In thought, this was a great idea because only the most popular decisions would be ratified and stronger states could not hurt the smaller states through majority rule. In practice it did not work very well because it could be thwarted by a single stubborn state.

Catherine des Roches Epistle To Her Mother :: Catherine Roches Epistle Letter Essays

Catherine diethylstilboestrol Roches Epistle To Her Mother The Epistle To Her Mother by Catherine des Roches of battle of Poitiers discusses the very close and dear relationship that exists between stimulate and daughter. In this letter, the daughter gives a very detailed and vibrant description of the closeness and follow that she shares with her mother. She also reveals her thankfulness to her mother for all that her mother has bestowed upon her. She does this by taking a vow of silence at the end of the letter, which will allow her mother to live a longer and fuller life. In the letter, she wrote, Since he the Samian wishes to speak, I will be silent, Mother, after humbly beseeching Divine Mercy that it revel Him lengthen and prosper your days so that you may live a long life as example of the graces of Heaven (Roches 254). In this letter, Catherine des Roches states facts and expound by addressing many parallel points in an easy to read manner. Catherine des Ro ches does a very good job of consistently using parallel points that grant to her effectiveness in getting her point across. This means of description allows the reader to grasp the depth of her gratitude and love that she holds for her mother. In the Epistle To Her Mother, Catherine des Roches uses a very defined pattern of imagery, which includes her use of many mythological figures and activities as references to describe her mother and the relationship that they share. Catherine des Roches also refers to things such as the earth and nature. An example of this is when she says, You quickened me as Prometheus, the earth which he himself formed (Roches 253). In this letter, there is also a strong appeal to the senses with the use of words such as luminosity and illumines. Catherine des Roches wrote, And just as the body in all its proportions, and the shadow in its width cannot be seen without light, so the brilliant luminosity of your mind illumines for us the red uce path where I pray (Roches 253). According to The Oxford English Dictionary, luminosity means shedding light and illumines means to light up or to enlighten spiritually. These ii words are very strong and appeal to the senses to a great degree.

Camus: On and In Action :: Camus Essays

Camus On and In ActionABSTRACTIn this paper I care to examine the position of Camus regarding social change, namely his concepts of rebellion and revolution. I in no way question his well-deserved status as a major twentieth-century french writer, nor do I wish to suggest that he may have been some atomic number 53 caught in a Sartrean notion of bad faith. I am concerned with what one might call his theory of social action. I do wish to assert that Camus was a good man who seriously wrestled with the events of his time. Yet his claims on behalf of wo(e) humanity, while honest, are not sufficient when faced with complex social issues. That his move toward the right that today might well be taken for a supposed liberalism was undoubtedly bound up with his continued misunderstanding of the dialectic of history.A Series of Critical ObservationsCamus continually stresses the break from Christianity (God is deadthe world is without order) whether in speaking of the French Revolution or what he calls the new absolutism of the communist revolution. In the first case there is a degree of admiration on the issue when speaking of Rousseau, St. Just, and the divine right monarchies. Camus obviously holds to one traditional depend of the king as Gods representative on earth and from this lays the hindquarters for his future project. I would like to suggest that there are at least two alternate interpretations of divine right monarchy that vie for our attention. First, there is the view forwarded by Reinhart Koselleck in his 1959 book Kritik und Krise. There in he suggests that rather than a union of the sacred and the secular, divine right monarchy already announced the comfort of the secular over the sacred. Before this period there had been the two worlds of religion and politics. With the Reformation Christianity no longer was unified under the pope but broke into various factions. The divine right of kings, whether it is in England or France, certainly allowed f or an absolutism, but relegated the religious partner to the outer fringe of politics where it was left to argue matters of divinity and direct the religious faithful while recognizing the supremacy of the King in all matters political, or even, as in England, recognizing the King as leader in both matters. When Camus points to Marxs observation that the beginning of a radical critique of society is a radical critique of religion, he believes his own critical project to be partly vindicated.

Camus: On and In Action :: Camus Essays

Camus On and In ActionABSTRACTIn this paper I wish to examine the position of Camus regarding social change, namely his concepts of rebellion and revolution. I in no way question his well-deserved status as a study twentieth-century French writer, nor do I wish to suggest that he may have been someone caught in a Sartrean notion of bad faith. I am implicated with what one might call his theory of social action. I do wish to assert that Camus was a good man who seriously wrestled with the events of his time. Yet his claims on behalf of suffering humanity, while honest, are not sufficient when faced with complex social issues. That his move toward the right that today might well be interpreted for a supposed liberalism was undoubtedly bound up with his continued misunderstanding of the dialectic of history.A Series of Critical ObservationsCamus continually stresses the break from Christianity (God is deadthe realism is without order) whether in speaking of the French Revolution or w hat he calls the new absolutism of the communist revolution. In the first case in that location is a distri besidesor point of confusion on the issue when speaking of Rousseau, St. Just, and the divine right monarchies. Camus obviously holds to one traditional view of the king as Gods representative on reality and from this lays the groundwork for his future examine. I would like to suggest that there are at least two alternate interpretations of divine right monarchy that vie for our attention. First, there is the view forwarded by Reinhart Koselleck in his 1959 book Kritik und Krise. There in he suggests that rather than a union of the sacred and the secular, divine right monarchy already inform the triumph of the secular over the sacred. Before this period there had been the two worlds of religion and politics. With the Reformation Christianity no longer was unified under the pope but broke into various factions. The divine right of kings, whether it is in England or France, certainly allowed for an absolutism, but relegated the religious partner to the outer fringe of politics where it was left to fence in matters of theology and direct the religious faithful while recognizing the supremacy of the King in all matters political, or even, as in England, recognizing the King as drawing card in both matters. When Camus points to Marxs observation that the beginning of a radical critique of society is a radical critique of religion, he believes his own critical project to be partly vindicated.

Fire Safety Essay

Fire safety has become the simplest manner to salvage us from fervidness. Besides. cut safety belongs to the safeguards which atomic number 18 taken to forestall or cut down the chance of a shoot which may ensue in harm. hurt. and decease. Fire safety is the most of issue dowery of edifice safety. Not merely is fire safety the most of import constituent of edifice safety. but it is besides the most of import constituent of ships. and airplanes safety. Fire safety keeps people safe. If fire safety had non come. people would adhere faced a batch of jobs.If fire safety does non protect us from fire. it result at least cut down the likeliness of a fire. Fire safety is a large aid. everyone has to hold fire safety. Fire safety energy halt fire from get downing. Actually. there are a batch of types of fire safety. Furthermore. there are a batch of differences ways to utilize fire safety. Fire safety keeps people safe of acquiring hurt. decease. and crashing. Indeed. fire safety cre ates complete life safety solution for each edifices. ships. and aeroplanes. Fire safety has been protect life and belongings for long clip.It is still the easiest manner to protect life. If edifice does non hold a fire safety. it will be done by the fire. The fire will merely take less than three proceedingss for a little fire to turn into a full blown fire. so people should hold a fire safety in their houses. There were a batch of fires were approximately to acquire started. but they did non get down because of fire safety. In this study I am traveling to compose about definition. history. how to utilize fire safety. how fire safety plants. how of import fire safety is. factors which increase the cost of fire safety. and fire safety equipment development.

Management and Planning

Tyco follow is a multinational group of companies that are destined to providing manufacturing operate based on telecommunications as soundly as electronics. It likewise provides proceedss on security and healthcare. The corporation of Tyco Electronics has experienced kinda a rapid result for the past few years, and it is today ranked as the worlds largest manufacturer of components.Management planning is a broad concept that ideally entails interpretation of the mental process of engaging all the resources and stakeholders of a particular business enterprise in order to accomplish the set goals of the business, which include success and long-term prosperity. formulation is precise crucial to precaution because having a plan on how all the business resources are managed is the first step to success of the business.Tyco Company has exercised a very high degree of planning for its management. Planning has en able-bodiedd the club to wisely and economically manage its proce ss assets. These assets include the stipulated standards as well as policies that govern the Tyco Company. These process assets that micturate been well managed through proper planning at bottom the Tyco Company are risk categories, whereby risk management planning has been emphasized roles as well as responsibilities of each member of the caller that is the workforce, the management team and the stakeholders, and finally processes of decision making within the company.Tyco Company has also been able to plan for managing the companys environmental factors. These factors disclose tolerance that whole company organization and the stakeholders experience. Understanding of these factors have enabled the whole Tyco Company organization and the stakeholders to be satisfied with decisions that wages the level as well as the density of risk management that is applied in the company. Budgeting is also very important in any organization. thusly planning on how to manage budgeting has been a key issue in Tyco Company and this has contributed to even distribution of resources within the different branches of the company organizations. Planning has also ensured that such(prenominal) overlooked issues in many companies such as risk management are considered and budgeted for.Time is always a constraint and clipping management is a very important aspect that should be stressed on by every organization that seeks to succeed. Tyco Company has a well plan for time management, something that has ensured coherence among the various companies departments (Drucker,Harper & Row,1954).Planning for time management has also helped Tyco Company in fast manufacture, and supply of its products such electronics in time and as well, time service provision. This has highly boosted the companys credibility and reliableness, spell at the same time rising to the higher levels of success.There are legal issues that arise within the Tyco Company. The fact that Tyco Company is a multinational Company means that it has several business operations in different states of countries. Each country is bound to have a different scale for tax payment. In some countries, therefore, Tyco Company meets a lot of expenses through tax payment and this affects planning for budgeting management. Planning is and so affected on the basis of budgeting due to this legal issue.Ethics deals with good relations towards others or the moral standards that are expected in the society. Tyco Company has been able to maintain high ethical practices by understanding that, ethics as far as a business is concerned, begins right from the top. The top managers in the Tyco Company therefore have been able to observe high critical standards hence setting a good example for the employees at the lower level to emulate. This has compound management planning through establishment of a strong relationship and trust among the companys staff, and the entire society. Drucker, Harper & Row, 1954).The company also exercised quite high social responsibility standards. It identifies and work s towards mentioning its customers through establishing good employee customer relations. This has affected the management planning for Tyco Company since the companys reliability is heightened and the customers are assures for the companies time management.Tyco Company has also laid down strategic contingency, operational as well as tactical plans. Strategic planning is a process though which a companys goal that are long term are determined at also involves identification of the about appropriate approach though which these goals can be achieved. Contingency planning involves putting into place long-term measures that are aimed at responding to any unlikely contingency that is bound to occur. It involves planning for the unexpected. Operational planning involves all the activities that are short term and are geared to operating together towards success of the company while tactical planning involves pl anning for immediate future.All these plans are influence by various factors in any company. In Tyco Company, lack of adequate resources such as funds and time has entirely affected perfect strategic, contingence, operational and tactical planning. Most of the funds and available time is committed to expanding the business networks and engineering as well as providing in service training to the companies workforce. (Thompson & Sheldon, 2003).Lack of qualified personnel who can deliver reliable plans has been another factor that has influenced the companys strategic, tactical, operational and contingency planning. This has led to increased chances of for instance, future risks since there are no firm laid grounds for risk management plans. unentitled personnel have also led to a problem of not documenting all the research and activities that the plans establish.This planning is also influenced by credibility which is created by exemplification participation, clear documentation as w ell as adhering to the rules of achieving the complete process.References.Drucker P. F. Harper & Row. (1954).The Practice of Management.

Legalization

There argon some(prenominal) problems in our society, most of which concerns illegal transactions and prohibited actions. What contain the communitys primary legal problems are drugs, same-sex marriages, abortion and those issues which questions or consists of scientific progress such as issues around cloning, stem-cell research and in-vitro fertilization.However, there were several controversies regarding this matter, as to whether the community illicit problems are rattling illegal or non. In able for us to distinguish whether something is meant to be legalized or whether an action should be prohibited, a closer look round legalization is a bit crucial.Legalization is actually a process in which something is removed from being a crime. It will then be an act that is permissible and not to be considered as an offense anyto a greater extent. Those crimes that are to be legalized are controversial crimes, since it doesnt really pick out a victim or it does not endanger anyone a side from the person him/herself.The focus of this paper would be the legalization of a drug popularly known as cannabis or scientifically called as cannabis. According to http//www.legalizationofmarijuana.com/, an online site whose aim is to present arguments in favor and against the use of marijuana in able to inform the citizens, reports that nearly about 5.9 million Americans are arrested due to simply the use and possession of marijuana.Moreover they state that on the year 2000, about 88% of the total number of the arrested marijuana related violations are charge with possession while the remaining 12% includes violations for sale/manufacture of the plant itself. They affirm that, the number of the people arrested from marijuana outnumbered those who are arrested from robbery, murder, rape and assault which are more(prenominal) violent crimes.Most of the supporters of the law to ban the use of marijuana are to a lower place the consideration that marijuana is a stepping s tone drug, which it may further lead to addiction and may promote the use of harder kinds of drugs.Others are concerned about its immediate effects which results to short-term memory loss and accidents. Conservatives believe that legalization of marijuana would actually make it accessible to some(prenominal) people and might likewise be used by children, since regulation of the drug is hard.Those who are against the law believe on the proposition that were actually against or in opposition of the get of the supporters. For one, there are medical studies that were made that actually prove that with moderation, consume marijuana is far safer than drinking alcohol and smoking cigarette.The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that the annual Americans deaths caused by marijuana or hashish are zero compare to some 100,000 to 400, 000 caused by tobacco and alcohol users individually those who have died due to the use of other drugs counts 10,000 to 20, 000, approximately, obviou sly higher than the use of marijuana. (legalizationofmarijuana.com)They withal argued that it would help the government especially the police force to focus themselves to more violent crimes that would require more attention. The legalization of marijuana would also be a threat to most of the drug dealers because if it would be readily be low-priced and accessible for the public, then it would be sold in lower price, crippling their financial gains. Aside from all this, marijuana doesnt impair the immune constitution it does not kill brain cells unlike using tobacco, cigarettes and alcohol. Actually there had never been any records that would relate marijuana and death. (Messerli, 2006)Drinking alcohol has resulted to so many accidents, had it been ban for being so? No. It is he same with smoking tobacco which have taken so many lives and who have also been caused of diseases and deaths of even those people who are not using or smoking it. How come that these two were not being b anned in the same sense as marijuana are being so?I think this is more of a business related event rather than something political. If one would look more closely, it is obvious that marijuana is something that is far safer than alcohol and tobacco, but the government acts against marijuana under the assumption that it is an opiate drug and most of opiate drugs are dangerous, thus marijuana is also dangerous.Obviously this assumption is false, and actually if the government is really that concerned about the citizens they might as well as prohibit drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco. Doing so would probably make the use of this substance expensive, less people would want to use it or even try it.There would be fewer deaths related to these substances, fewer accidents and people would be able to spend their incomes and resources for more useful things. Generally, it would make more people happy, it would result to a more halcyon community, and problems would be faced in a more rati onal way.If these substances would not be prohibited, then what is the reason for prohibiting marijuana? cannabis are said to have so many beneficial effects and has no proven bad effects. It cannot even cause death. Legalizing the use of it would be very beneficial for the implementation of more laws and would save the government time, effort and resources.Indeed marijuana can caused changes in the cognition of a man, including some short term memory lost however, it would scarce last for just a few minutes or an hour or two, in heavy doses. As to any type of smoking, smoking marijuana would probably results to acute bronchitis and other pulmonary problems.However as what the findings of Janet E. Joy and her colleagues at the Institute of Medicine, these health problems would only persist upon long-term use of marijuana in heavy doses. Also, chewing marijuana could actually heal some of the complications that arouse from it.Thus, marijuana should really be legalized. It would be more beneficial for the government, it would introduce less health risk and it can lead to greater innovations and research regarding the issues that concerns it. Also, it is legal in other countries, most notably in Jamaica, why should it not be legalized in our country? It is important that legislators would address the actual concerns of the citizens and look at the rationale behind their decisions, not some illogical assumptions.Works CitedJoy, J. E. Benson, J. A. Watson, S. J. (1999). Marijuana and Medicine Assessing the Science Base. National Academy Press.Legalizationofmarijuana.com. (2007). US Policy on Marijuana. Retrieved on August 16, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//www.legalizationofmarijuana.com/index.htmlMesserli, Joe (2006) Should Marijuana be Legalized under any Circumstances? Retrieved on August 16, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web http//www.balancedpolitics.org/marijuana_legalization.htm

By The Waters Of Babylon Essay

In the short story By the Waters of Babylon by Stephen Vincent Benet the author uses anatomical structure to impact the readers consciousness of truth by using the literary device Foreshadowing and another literary device situation Irony. It is forbidden to cross the Great river and look upon the base that was the place of the gods-This is the most strictly forbidden. The author gives hints along the story that changes the readers perspective from what seems a long lost broken down purification profuse of rituals from ancient conviction to an understanding that its based on the future after an event called The Great Burning occurred. The author creates an impact on the reader by engaging the person on a mindset of an understanding that completely is turned around. The North and the West and the South atomic number 18 good lookup ground, simply it is forbidden to go east. It is forbidden to go to any of the Dead Places except to search for metal and then he who touches the m etal must be a Priest or the son of a Priest.The author here starts painting a image in the readers mind of a time were people hunted and did rituals a time were you had to find valuables to survive like metal Creating a connection in the readers mind of ancient civilization. Making a focus on the forbidden places allows the reader to further engage trying to understand what will happen next causing suspense, but also keeping in mind what was being hunted was metal causing the reader to keep curiosity or doubt about the background signal. All these choices on the structure of the short story start to impact the reader. If the hunters think we do all things by chants and spells, they may believe so-it does not hurt them.I was taught how to read in the old books and how to make the old writings that was hard and took a long time. While the author has the reader in a doubt trying to throttle the setting after seeing they would hunt for metal the author brings the reader back to the culture of the young mans life as utter above making the reader start catching hints between the way he was raised as would the people in ancient days but the reality of the setting in the future after metal was invented, this is where we truly see the foreshadowing take effect.This literary device being used in the short story creates a huge impact on the reader showing you how the confusion andhow greatly it engages the reader to find out the truth. What really confirms the setting is when the author illustrates a scene were the sons priest reaches the Dead places or the place of the Gods. Nevertheless, it was strange. There was a washing-place but no waterperhaps the gods washed in air. There was a cooking place but no wood, and though there was a machine to cook food, there was no place to chevy in it. Here we can see clearly that the sons priest has reached a city in ruins that civilization is learning what has happened on earth and seeing how the gods that are humans lived.T he machine is a stove were they would cook but now with no electricity he expects too see a fire a pit. Hear the author illustrates a sink a place to wash dishes but hes confused because he sees no water because civilization would use fossils to have water come out to wash .Here the author creates a image clear enough to have the reader understand the foreshadowing. passim this short story the author impacts the reader with the structure of his writing. He uses literally devices like foreshadowing, situational irony and imagery. The author creates a confusion having the reader pick up hints along the way to try and decipher where these events are taken place. All these things lead the reader to the truth of the story.

Immanuel Kant on law and justice Essay

To be moral living human beings there must(prenominal) be a guiding action. This action varies depending on the degree of obligation justice, rule or maxim. A law should promote and cling to the common honourable. Above all, a law must be undecomposed and reasonable to follow. A rule is a prescribed guide for conduct or action that indicates how we ought to act to behave in accredited situations. Rules atomic number 18 non strictly legislated but are nevertheless obligatory guidelines for actions. A maxim is a general truth or rule of conduct. Immanuel Kants political instruct may be summarized in a phrase republican government and international organization.In more characteristically Kantian terms, it is doctrine of the state establish upon the law (Rechtsstaat) and of eternal peace. Indeed, in each of these formulations, both terms express the same idea that of legal constitution or of peace through law. Rechtsstaat is a doctrine in continental European legal thinking, ori ginally borrowed from German jurisprudence, which can be translated as a legal state, state of law, state of justice, state of rights or state based on justice and integrity.It is a constitutional state in which the exercise of political power is constrained by the law, and is often tied to the Anglo-American purpose of the rule of law, but differs from it in that it also places an emphasis on what is just (i. e. a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion or equity). In a Rechtsstaat, the power of the state is limited in order to protect citizens from the arbitrary exercise of authority. In a Rechtsstaat the citizens share legally-based civil liberties and they can use the courts.A country cannot be a liberal democracy without offset printing being a Rechtsstaat. German writers usually place Immanuel Kants theories at the beginning of their accounts of the movement toward the Rechtsstaat. Kants approach is based on the supremacy of a cou ntrys written constitution. This supremacy must create guarantees for implementation of his central idea a permanent peaceful life as a basic condition for the happiness of its people and their prosperity. Kant proposed that constitutionalism and constitutional government ought to be sufficient to guarantee this happiness.Kant had thus formulated the main problem of constitutionalism The constitution of a state is eventually based on the morals of its citizens, which, in its turn, is based on the goodness of this constitution. A Kantian justice system would thus completely focus on what was done, rather than on the character of the psyche who did it. No excuses regarding a criminals genome, upbringing, history of mental illness, or socioeconomic location can exonerate him from receiving punishment for the criminal act.The fact that a man was abused during his childhood does not justify his infliction of similar abuse on others later in life. Many duties are developed into laws b ecause society has deemed them important for the protection of the soul. There are some laws that are written to safe bind the individual and others for the community. All laws must be written to uphold society which includes protecting the rights of all people in both the majority and minority accordingly all laws must possess certain common traits. Immanuel Kant believed that all humans are born inherently bad and must try hard to be good.This model of thought is of immense help to understanding what actions Kant saw as necessary for the creation of justice within the real world, since, once again, every individuals worldview is based upon that individuals own set of experiences. Pure reason is a perfect unity and therefore, if the principle presented by it proves to be shy(predicate) for the solution of even a single one of those questions to which the very nature of reason gives birth, we must reject it, as we could not be perfectly certain of its sufficiency in the case of the others.(Critique of Pure Reason, 3) Kant on Contemporary Issues Contemporary Issue A proposal by the government to let theft. According to Immanuel Kants theories and views he would try to oppose this law. The general definition of theft is the taking of another persons property without that persons permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. Immanuel Kant would consider this an immoral action on the individuals part therefore resulting in punishment.When soulfulness is punished for something it is because they did something abominable. Humans act not only on impulse as effected by laws of nature, but also out of conscience choice based on principles and these principles tell us how we ought to act. Our conscience as a capacity has a fundamental sense of value and personal responsibility. If theft were to be legalized, it would result in a never-ending chain of people committing evil actions to further their own need.People would become more sel fish and greedy. Because Kant believes humans are born inherently bad we must strive every day to avoid temptation which we can only be redeemed by good behaviour and the grace of God. This would also go against Kants ideal justice system. Nothing can escape our notice for what reason produces from itself cannot lie concealed, but must be brought to the light by reason itself, as soon as we have discovered the common principle of the ideas we seek. (Critique of Pure Reason, 5).Kants theory is his feeling that it should forever and a day be possible, within our power, to do the right thing. Kant believes that rational humans are agents, they have plans, and they make deliberate choices. It is this fact about humans that Kants ethical theory seeks to enshrine and protect. Human agency should never be sacrificed for anything less valuable and everything is less valuable. Justice has a moral obligation to always do. The first duty of justice is to never treat people as mere means to ones own ends.But treating a person as an end in themselves is to do more than respect this duty it is also to assist them in achieving their morally lawful ends. For these reasons Immanuel Kant would not allow to legalize theft. Our government, justice duty and morality would all be altered if such a thing were to happen and that was Kants biggest fear that our humanity would be consumed by materialistic things. We need laws and peace in order for us, as people, to be rational human beings. Work Cited Germany. Understandings of the Rule of Law Wikis Der Freien UniversitAt Berlin.N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Sept. 2013. Kant, Immanuel, J. M. D. Meiklejohn, doubting Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, James Creed Meredith, Immanuel Kant, Immanuel Kant, and Immanuel Kant. The Critique of Pure Reason. Chicago Encyclop? dia Britannica, 1955. Print. Rauscher, Frederick, Rauscher,. Kants Social and Political Philosophy. Stanford University. Stanford University, 24 July 2007. Web. 21 Sept. 2013. Immanue l Kants Critique of Judgment. Immanuel Kants Critique of Judgment. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Sept. 2013.

Honeypot Site

Attractive aspect Attractive scenery Castleton Castleton lies towards the north of the study Park. It is 10 miles from Buxton, 16 miles from Sheffield and 27 miles from Stockport. This makes it easy to visit from tumescentr towns that are located near to the national park. Its located in Derbyshire at the sens buoy of the Pennine range. Castleton Castleton lies towards the north of the National Park. It is 10 miles from Buxton, 16 miles from Sheffield and 27 miles from Stockport. This makes it easy to visit from larger towns that are located near to the national park.Its located in Derbyshire at the bottom of the Pennine range. Why is Castleton a honeypot site? Why is Castleton a honeypot site? Case study Castleton Case study Castleton ? tourer attractions Tourist attractions Jewellery shops within the village Jewellery shops within the village Blue John mine, caverns Blue John mine, caverns Attractive scenery Attractive scenery Easy access via roads Easy access via roads Mam T our Mam Tour Facts about Castleton Facts about Castleton Population 649 people (2001 census)Jobs Unlike villages in many a(prenominal) rural parts of Britain, the universe of Castleton is greater now than it was 50 years ago. Although thither are still a number of farmers in the area, many of the population are now commuters, quarry workers or earn their living from tourism. Services for residents * 3 small shops * Mobile green grocer visits once a week * natural law house within the village * Church in the village * Village Hall * Mobile library available once a week * natural gas stations * Pubs Services for visitors * 7 B&Bs * 4 hotels 4 camp sites * Youth hostel * Numerous tourist shops * Cafes * A visitor centre Castleton is also popular as a base for touring in the National Park and for active sports such as climbing, caving, pony trekking, hang gliding, cycle and walking. There are several Outdoor Pursuits centres nearby. Impacts of tourism Impacts of tourism * Erosion of the many footpaths around the area, particularly Winnats Pass and the footpath to Mam Tor, has been the subject of a exact study. * Congestion in the village is a problem to locals and visitors.There is a large car park, with space for coaches, and public toilets but at peak times (Summer Sundays or during the Garland ceremony) the parking provision is not enough and the congestion spoils the character of the village and affects its enjoyment by all. * More jobs take been created thanks to the tourism industry. * Because there is an increase in employment there ordain therefore, be a reduction on the crime rates * Jobs are created. Therefore people have more than money to spend on local goods and services. Multiplier termination by creating a factory and providing new jobs, the local economy grows by more than the original cash injection * Second homes Many wealthy urban dwellers buy second homes in the countryside. The Peak District is surrounded by large settlements e. g. Manchester, Sheffield and Derby so this phenomenon has happened here as well. This ignore cause house inflation, rural depopulation and service decline. * Seasonal employment Tourism tends to be at its highest during former(a) spring, summer and early autumn.Because of the decline during the winter, many locals will lose their jobs during the quieter periods. Management Management * Improvements such as surfacing paths in local stone or re-routing certain paths have been undertaken. * The importance of tourism to the local economy needs to be balanced against the danger of over-commercialisation. More and bigger car parks may increase visitor numbers and create even more problems * An increasing number of litter bins have been provided throughout the village. Increasing the amount of bus routes will tackle the problem of an excessive number of cars * Adding more double yellow lines will mean that there will be less parking in inconvenient places for residents. * Redistribution of tourists There are a number of locations in the Peak District that are honeypot locations e. g. Castleton and Bakewell. one(a) suggested solutions has been to promote other villages and destinations to try and spread the number of tourists. * Improved signage and education Some tourists drop litter, leave gates open. etc.With improved information signs and also better education of the problems it causes, some problems can be reduced Residents and tourists Conflicts amongst different groups of people in Castleton Conflicts between different groups of people in Castleton Unsurprisingly the largest amount of conflict that has arisen in Castleton is between local residents and tourists. One of the largest reasons behind this is traffic. With a high concentration of tourists come a great amount of vehicles these can cause traffic jams along the villages country roads this can delay the ease of travel for local residents.Pollution from cars is also a big element to the conflict taint can have a harmful effect on the peak district and its wildlife. Another conflict between tourist and locals is the amount of noise. Living in a quaint Derbyshire village residents want to stomach in a peaceful environment however having large groups of tourists means there will be a large amount of noise pollution which can be disruptive to their way of life. Another conflict between tourists and local residents is the carelessness of some tourists who drop litter around the village.Residents want visitors to prize their home village and keep it clean and tidy however this wish is often ignored and upsets residents. There are many other smaller conflicts between the locals and tourists that occur in Castleton. Issues like tourists peering into gardens and cottages causes conflicts because locals want privacy. Now that tourists have the proficient to roam, there can often be conflicts between landowners and tourists, over where people can walk and what they can do.Farmers and tou rists Farmers and tourists may come into conflict because litter dropped by tourists may harm livestock (animals), the noise created by tourists and vehicles may disturb animals, especially during lambing periods. Tourists may also leave footpaths and damage crops or leave gates open and allow animals to escape. Tourists may be annoyed by farmers because on restrictions of their right to roam and aggressive animals. Farm traffic may also cause traffic jams and delay tourists.

The Environment of Crisis on the Nigerian Educational System

Comparative pedagogy Volume 33 No. 1 1997 pp. 87 95 The Environment of Crises in the Nigerian fostering System CORDELIA C. NWAGWU ABSTRACT The Nigerian upbringing body witnessed tremendous expansion between independence in 1960 and 1995. However, the rate declined after 1986 when economic depression mattered in the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme. A existence explosion, frequent changes in the g e verywherenment due to phalanx coups, a depressed economy and unplanned and wild teaching methodal expansion altogether cleard an milieu of crisis in the command clay.The crises included those of poor funding, piteous facilities, introduction and certi cate racketeering, examination malpractices, general indiscipline and the emergence of secret cults. Personnel counselling problems resulted in frequent smooths and closures and the defection of academic standards. The thesis is that any society which stimu belateds the uncoordinated growth of its breedi ng system and then fails to add the prerequisite dedicated teachers, teaching and learning facilities and operating funds for staff and student welfargon services, is creating an environment within which all types of problems and crises will ? urish. Lessons for other exploitation nations include the accept for democratically elected unchangeable regimes instead of military g everyplacenings and better planning, funding and management of the fosterage system. The National Policy on command (NPE) It is necessary to examine brie? y the present system of culture and its immediate past in baseball club to appreciate the nature, causes and magnitude of the different types of crises in the system.The National Policy on Education (NPE) popularly referred to as the 6-3-3-4 system, was introduced in 1977 and then revised in 1981 (federal official Re usual of Nigeria, 1981). It marked a radical departure from the British system of cultivation which Nigeria inherited at indepe ndence in 1960. Basically it adopted the Ameri potentiometer system of 6 years of primary bringing up, 3 years of junior subaltern instruct, 3 years of senior secondary school, and 4 years of university fosterage. Primary education is free, precisely not everywherebearing.Junior secondary education is suppositional to be free, scarce it is not yet so in any of the 30 states in the federation. The passage office from primary to junior secondary education was planned to be automatic alone many another(prenominal) states moderate competitive entry examinations since the available junior secondary schools cannot accommodate all the aspirants. A major furiousness in the NPE is the teaching of pre-vocational subjects to all students at the junior secondary level. The learning of Nigerian languages is also compulsory at the primary and secondary school levels.Much to a greater extent attention is being paid to women s education and the teaching of science, technical and vo cational subjects at the senior secondary and tertiary levels. Although many policy documents promote decentralisation of the system of administration, in that location is an ever-increasing tendency towards centralisation of Correspondence to Cordelia C. Nwagwu, Institute of Education, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 0305-0068/97/010087-09 $7. 00 O 1997 Carfax produce Ltd 88 C. C. Nwagwu ducational control especially as the federal government activity is called upon to assume a greater spot in the funding of the education system at all levels. During the 1993 1994 academic year, thither were 38,254 primary schools, 5959 secondary schools, 55 colleges of education, 45 polytechnics and colleges of technology and 35 universities in Nigeria. Though some critics consider the above statistics inadequate for a country with approximately 100 one million million hoi polloi, the mo of institutions represents a phenomenal rate of expansion of the education system between 196 0 and 1993.Indeed, at independence there was only one university college, one college of technology, no colleges of education (only 280 low-level teacher training colleges) and 443 secondary schools (Fafunwa, 1974). It is generally ac acquaintanced that the system has developed quantitatively, but it lacks many of the ingredients needed for qualitative growth. The problems in the Nigerian education system which tolerate reached crisis dimensions ar compute consequences of the rapid, unplanned, uncontrolled and uncoordinated expansion of the system. Contextual and Theoretical FrameworkNigeria has been politically independent for the past 35 years. During this period, a democratically elected civil government has only been in power for 10 years. The remaining 25 years wee-wee witnessed military rule by different military regimes which seized power in military coups. All over the world, military regimes, which although they claim to be a corrective intervention, are normally seen as an aberration since they govern by force and not by the wish of the concourse. They tend to be unpopular, undemocratic, dictatorial, screw up and unaccountable to anyone except themselves.In Nigeria, long periods of military rule do created problems of instability, uncertainty and degeneration on the political, economic, companionable and educational scenes. There are very many educational policies which are released in the form of decrees and edicts, but the policy implementation has been haphazard and quite unsatisfactory. Irregular and sudden changes in the government leadership result in good educational policies failing to be implemented in full or so far started. In Nigeria there have been ten different governments since 1960, that is an average of one every 3. years. Many people have attributed the various crises currently plaguing the Nigerian education system to the poor and unstable national leadership, the ripple effects of which tend to hit education programmes a nd institutions hardest. For example, every new government prefers to start its own projects quite an than to complete those started by its predecessors. Consequently, in many educational institutions, from universities to primary schools, we nd uncompleted and abandoned buildings and other facilities.To make matters worse for the Nigerians and the education system, military regimes have no de ned mandate and duration, so the military of cers plant by their seniors to administrative and political positions see their appointments as temporary. They have no constituency and, invariably, they are posted to dish up a state other than that of their own origin. With little commitment to the people or to the development of the education system, they cannot afford the luxury of long planning. In this useable environment, the education system start outs very vulnerable to crisis.Moreover, in the view of MacKinnon (1960), it is unfortunately true that the opportunities for patronage an d, in the Nigerian case, ethnicity and religion as well, will usually bring into power and government institutions people who have mediocre ability or who are more concerned with self-interest than with the welfare of the public and the education system. Therefore, the administrative style of the military governments in Nigeria has created a context within which ordinary organisational and managerial problems in the schools quickly turned into intractable crises.The military governments appeared more interested in exercisCrises in the Nigerian Education System 89 ing absolute control over the teachers and students, whom they perceived as potential troublemakers, than in intervening in educational problems which could not be settled quickly with decrees and edicts. This was especially so where the release of funds was involved. educational planning has been described as the applications programme of a rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development so that national education can respond more goodly to the needs of individuals and society.Coombs (1970, p. 15) opined that although educational planning per se is not the source of policies and decisions, people who have such responsibilities need it to guide them. It is the argument of this paper that because the Nigerian leaders did not compensate suf cient attention to educational planning, particularly during the long periods of undemocratic non-consultative military governments, they could not keep the intricate inseparable and external relationships of the educational system in a reasonable balance.As there were rapid dynamic changes in the social and economic circumstances of the country, the education system could not adjust quickly enough and so the environment of crises became inevitable. Whatever educational planning existed in Nigeria during the unstable and tense years of military regime exhibited the characteristics which Coombs (1970, p. 19) described as focusing on the m echanics and logistics of education rather than on the needs of the students and society. such(prenominal) planning was therefore short-term in outlook, fragmentary in its coverage, non-integrated and non-dynamic.Moreover, the social contend approach to educational planning was emphasised by various governments in Nigeria, both civilian and military, for political and propaganda reasons. Thus, for example, the refusal to charge charge fees in the universities and the policy of establishing a federal university and a polytechnic or college of education in every state in Nigeria were politically popular but educationally and economically irrational decisions. The policy was make when there were only 12 states in Nigeria.Now that there are 30 states, with the military government in the process of creating more states in 1996, the funding crisis in higher education is being further aggravated. either education system that emphasises growth and expansion without due regard to the deve lopment of reliable sources of funding, an adequate turn in of trained teachers for different academic programmes, infrastructural facilities to accommodate natural and stimulated increases in school state and a dynamic economy to absorb its graduates from the schools is laying the seeds that will, on germination, create an environment in which all types of crises will ? urish. Such is the feature of the Nigerian education system. Funding and Educational Development We can examine the crises in Nigerian education from two broad perspectives. One approach is to look at different periods in the development of education in the country and the major crises that featured during each period. This method was adopted by Ocho (1995) when he multitudeed the crises periods as follows. (1) The crisis of irrrelevance, 1842 1954. (2) The crisis of unequal expansion, 1955 1969. (3) The crisis of unplanned expansion, 1970 1983. 4) The crisis of nancial inadequacy, 1984 1994. In this paper, we s abidance adopt the second approach which focuses on the crises which have plagued a given period. Here, we shall concentrate on Nigerian education in the last hug drug and a half, 1980 1995, a period that has created alarm among educational administrators, parents, teachers, students and even the international community. The crisis of educational funding is a fundamental issue because critical shortages of 90 C. C. Nwagwu nance have touched the organisation and administration of education at all levels.The oil glut in the world market in the early mid-eighties led to a sudden decline in revenue from petroleum products which had accounted for approximately 80% of Nigeria s income from exports. The consequences were immediate. The free universal primary education (UPE) scheme which was started by the federal government in 1976 was hastily handed over to state governments and the poor ones could not sustain the programme. Bursary dirty moneys for student teachers were stopped an d subsidised eating for students in higher education institutions was also abolished.The chairman of the Implementation Committee on the NPE, Dr J. S. Sofolahan, summarised the situation when he said in his 1991 report that The National Policy was conceived in times of oil boom, born in times of oil glut, and nurtured in times of economic depression (Sofolahan, 1991). Chuta (1995) said it was important to note that there was a decline of 6% in real gross domestic product (GDP) between 1980 and 1990 and he referred to this as bad for the future of Nigeria.In 1994, the Central Bank of Nigeria reported that the money supply, particularly by way of de cit nancing in the economy, increased from 5 N 24. 3 million in 1980 to over 5 N 64. 9 million in 1990. This led to tremendous increases in the prices of goods and services. The Nigerian currency was seriously devaluate from the naira to US dollar ratio of 11 in 1985 to 851 in 1995. incomplete individuals nor the educational institutio ns could cope with the rate of in? ation. Worse still, the federal government reduced its subvention to educational institutions.For example, while student muniment in the universities continued to increase, the government expenditure per student declined from 5 N 3085 in the 1980 1981 academic year to 5 N 3057 in the 1984 1985 academic year, in spite of rising slope costs and in? ation in the economy (Akangbou, 1986). In 1994 1995, the government spent 5 N 5000 per university student, but the real value in terms of 1984 1985 purchasing power was only 5 N 500. The management of the education funding crisis has been very unsatisfactory.Basically, the strategy has been to pass the responsibility for nding extra funds from one tier of government to another, and to ask parents to pay fees where none were paid before or to pay more where government subsidies had formerly been provided. For example, the annual knowledge fees in state-owned universities increased from an average of 5 N 1000 in 1990 to 5 N 3000 in 1993 and then to 5 N 7000 in 1995 1996. At the secondary level, the tuition fees, even in states that had free secondary education in 1990, rose from an average of 5 N 300 in 1993 to over 5 N 600 in 1995 1996.To sustain pay primary school teachers salaries which were owed several months in arrears, the federal government established the National Primary Education Commission by Decree No. 31 of 1988. This was later abolished by Decree No. 3 of 1991, but was re-established by another government by Decree No. 3 of 1994. Another strategy to address the education funding crisis was the merging of some federal universities. However, the succeeding government, for political reasons rather than to improve the sourcing of funds, demerged them in the late 1980s and they exist today as separate universities.For their part, some institutional authorities embarked on the downsizing of staff and a reduction in memorandums. These administrative decisions associated with poor funding created problems and shortages in the educational environment. Crisis in Facilities Management The inadequacy of the infrastructural facilities to cope with the very rapid rate of expansion in student record is a major source of crisis in the education system. There are two main reasons for this situation. The rst is a high birth rate of 3. % per annum, thus providing a relatively three-year-old population, with 48% of the total population under 15 years of age. The second reason is economic depression and in? ation which have do it dif cult to build new Crises in the Nigerian Education System 91 classrooms, maintain the old ones and buy new equipment. In 1985 1986, there were 12. 9 million pupils in the primary schools. The gure for 1993 1994 was 15. 87 million pupils. During this period, very few new classrooms were built to accommodate the extra 3 million pupils, hence there is a problem of overcrowded classroms today.It was the same story in the secondary schools in the period 1989 1994 as tabulate I shows. TABLE I. Classrooms and enrolments in Nigerian schools Primary schools Secondary schools Year Classrooms Enrolments Classrooms Enrolments 1989 1990 375,726 12,721,087 76,819 2,749,528 1991 1992 377,439 13,776,854 82,930 3,123. 277 1993 1994 447,859 15,870,280 104,693 4,032,083 Source Educational info Bank, Federal Republic of Nigeria (1995). The crisis of the shortage of the infrastructure and facilities is felt everywhere and at all levels of the education system.The library facilities and books are grossly inadequate and so is the provision of classrooms, classroom furniture, laboratories and workshops. Hostels are not available in some institutions, including universities. Where some are provided, the rooms are crowded with students. Chuta (1995) observed that the hostel room shortage had become so acute that a black market racket had developed. In many institutions, buses for students have broken down beyond repair, while even electricity and good drinking water are not assured on a daily basis.To address the shortage of facilities, parents are often asked to provide chairs, desks and beds for their children in the primary and secondary schools. The government obtained a World Bank loan to purchase books and instructional materials for use in the universities and for secondary schools the federal government secures equipment for vocational workshops under a bilateral covenant with some East European countries such as Bulgaria. Unfortunately, some schools cannot install and use these because they lack the necessary electricity and/or water for their operation, as well as trained technicians to manage and maintain them.The objectives of the NPE cannot be attained in the absence of teaching and learning facilities. Indeed, the environment of the critical shortages of the infrastructure, facilities and services is a frustrate and crisis-generating one. Crisis of Indiscipline and Standards Critics from within and outside education are often locked in serious controversy over whether the standards in Nigerian education are rising or falling because they cannot agree on what the standards ought to be in the rst instance.However, Nwagwu (1990) argued that minimum standards in education should be perceived as yardsticks for responding positivisticly to the challenges of relevance, need satisf pull through, timbre and excellence in the education system. Therefore, any system that fails to meet the population s expectations of providing the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes they quest to solve individual and societal problems, has fallen below the expected standards. This, in the view of Coombs (1968, p. ), implies subjecting the input into the education system, the programmes and processes and the education system s outcomes or products to critical analysis. In this paper, the standards in Nigerian education have been deliberately linked to the various acts of indiscipline th at appear to be on the increase at all levels of the system. Three 92 C. C. Nwagwu major acts of indiscipline? admission rackets, examination of malpractices and secret cult activities? will be discussed. Admissions MalpracticesDue to the limited vacancies and high demand for placement into secondary and tertiary institutions, there is an admissions crisis, which in turn has affected standards for two main reasons. Firstly, the quota system leads to the rejection of many brilliant candidates and the admission of languid ones because of their place of origin and the connections they have with important personalities. For example, the Federal Ministry of Education formula for admission into the federal secondary schools is as follows be 15%, states quota 40%, environment (catchment zone) 30% and exigency (discretion) 15%.The formula for admission into federal universities, polytechnics and colleges of education is merit 40%, states quota 30%, catchment zone 20% and discretion 10%. S econdly and arising from a down-grading of merit as a basis for admission, there is much racketeering during the exercise. Bribery, corruption and nepotism become agents that tick admission of weak candidates and, at times, even of the bright ones who have lost faith in merit, fair play and justice.As a result of this situation, mediocrity and economic power take precedence over academic standards. Examination Malpractices colligate to the admissions crisis is the desperate need to obtain certi cates and, consequently, the serious crisis of examination malpractices. Chuta (1995) identi ed four main strategies for cheating in examinations by the code names given to them in Nigeria by the students. (1) Life mercenary service by which an academically able person enters the hall and writes the examination for the real candidate. 2) Hall assistance whereby materials useful for tell the questions are brought into the hall with the collusion of the supervisors and invigilators. (3) Expr ess service by which the real candidate sits in the hall while a hired person writes the examination outside and later smuggles the answer scripts into the hall. (4) Super exhibit service whereby the candidate is given the question papers in advance the candidate writes the answers at bag and then brings the scripts into the hall on the examination day.Alarmed by this development, the West African Examinations Council and other examination boards start thousands of students results every year and ban some schools from serving as examination centres. The students affected are expelled or suspended. The Nigerian Government also directed that offenders should face special tribunals under the Miscellaneous Offences Decree to ensure speedy trials and stiff penalties. An important step in solving the problem is to examine the environment that has created the need for these vices and crises in the education system.A proper analysis puts the blame on two main factors. One is the educatio n system itself which puts so much emphasis on examinations. Worse still, the assessment of a student s performance is placed on just one examination either for admission to or for the award of a particular certi cate. Continuous assessment is still new in the system and it is not a part of the evaluation process for many examinations, such as the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Examination for entrance into the universities, polytechnics and colleges of education. Crises in the Nigerian Education System 93Another factor is that Nigerian society, as in many developing countries, places too much value on the possession of certi cates rather than on the acquisition of requisite knowledge and skills. Many students, therefore, supported by their parents and teachers, even resort to criminal activities (including membership of secret cults) to pass the public examinations which will secure these cherished certi cates and help obtain admission into higher institutions or employment. Th e bogus certi cates which many people carry about are, in essence, a manifestation of what Dore (1976, p. ) referred to as the quali cation escalation ratchet and the diploma illness . In Nigeria today, students refer to their educational certi cates as meal tickets . Their main preoccupation is with how to obtain the certi cate and not with how much knowledge and skill they have acquired from the teaching and learning experiences in their schools. Unfortunately, the educational environment has not fostered positive attitudes towards the acquisition of essential knowledge, values and skills as a condition for deserving an educational certi cate.With educational institutions very poorly funded and with great shortages of quali ed teachers, instructional facilities and materials, very little effective teaching and, hence, learning, takes place in the schools. Confronted by employers and a society that are so certi cate conscious and competitive entrance examinations into higher educa tion institutions, the environment for admissions racketeering, examinations malpractices and membership of secret cults is properly set. Personnel Management ProblemsAfter independence, there was an unprecedented popular closet to build more schools and to train more and better teachers. The government responded positively to this social demand for education without serious regard to a cost bene t analysis of the implications. Consequently, between 1960 and 1985, primary school enrolment increased ve times and secondary enrolment over 22 times, while higher education enrolment increased 84 times. As expected, there was also a tremendous increase in the number and quality of teachers.Part-time and sandwich in-service programmes expanded between 1985 and 1995 and led to many professional personly trained teachers with the National Certi cate in Education (NCE) and rst degrees in education. As a result of this positive development, salaries and allowances have also increased so muc h that some state and local governments can no longer regularly meet their periodical obligations to teachers. With poor and sometimes unpaid teachers salaries and allowances, the environment has been created for frustration, indiscipline, a lack of fealty to duty and frequent strike action among teachers at all levels.Bereday (1969) remarked that Financing education is an under-developed and unimaginative enterprise (p. ix) and this is very true in Nigeria. Today there are overcrowded classrooms, overworked and underpaid teachers and double sessions particularly in urban areas, yet there are many unemployed but well-trained professional teachers. Hardly a month passes without either a group of primary, secondary or higher education teachers being out on total strike action demanding improved conditions of service.This disrupts academic sessions, breeds ill-taught graduates and retards educational development in the country. The quality of all education systems re? ects the qualit y, dedication and motivation of its teachers. If teachers are well-supported by the government and society, they can use their commitment and teaching competence to help stem the crisis of student indiscipline and examination malpractices and to reduce the impact of the shortages of facilities and funds. 94 C. C. Nwagwu ConclusionThis analysis of the condition of education in Nigeria shows that unplanned and uncontrolled expansion of the system, inadequate funding, corruption and poor management are chiefly responsible for the many types of crises there are today. The organisational climate is not conductive to serious teaching and learning. This is because over the decades, particularly under the military regimes, Nigeria has pursued the policy of an unrestrained positive response to the social demand for education.Thus, within the education system germs of problems had a fertile environment in which to grow until they have become chronic diseases that now threaten the very existe nce of the system. The Nigerian Government appear to have treat the important advice given by educators such as Dore (1976, p. 8) that the effect of schooling, the way it alters a person s capacity to behave and do things, depends not only on what is learned, but also on how and why it is learned and the environment within which it is learned. There are a few general lessons to learn from the Nigerian experience.The rst is the need for developing countries to aspire to be governed by stable, popular, democratically elected governments which can develop long-term as well as short-term plans for the articulated development of the nation and the education system. Military regimes are arguably incapable of providing such leadership because the hand-picked military junta does not have the training and experience nor the mandate, time and temperament to operate in this way. Secondly, good policies that are haphazardly implemented can create crises.For example, the quota system of admiss ion came into being in Nigeria to meet the demands of the federal character provision enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This was designed to ensure an equitable representation of all parts of the country in all the federal institutions and the protection of minority and disadvantaged groups such as women. Unfortunately, the formula produced by the government of cials for the quota system neither ensures equity nor merit because of its defective formulation and worse still, its poor, dishonest and undisciplined application.The Nigerian experience highlights the point that supervision of the effective implementation of education policies is thus as important as their initial formulation. Thirdly, Nigerian experience suggests that the planning and management of the education system should be left to professional educators who arguably have the training, experience and, above all, the interest and commitment necessary to achieve the effective development of the system and the attainment of both short-term and long-term educational aims and objectives.Fourthly, schooling is not synonymous with education and political leaders should constantly be made aware of this. Therefore, a situation in which young people are stimulated to go to school but are then denied reasonable facilities and opportunities for effective teaching and learning experiences is likely to lead to a crisis, not only in the education system but also for society as a whole. In Nigeria today, there is a crisis of con dence in the ability of the education system to tackle the many serious problems confronting it.Nigeria is at a crossroads where she moldiness develop the courage to ght problems which range from home to school and through society to government. The rst major step is a recognition that the environment that has generated and supported the identi ed crises in Nigerian education must be changed if an operational climate that will ensure effective teaching and learning is to be achieved. In the nal analysis, however, what is needed most are more stable education policies which are faithfully implemented, better planning and the management and employment of whatever material and human resources re available for developing and maintaining an effective and ef cient education system. Crises in the Nigerian Education System 95 REFERENCES AKANGBOU, S. D. (1986) Financing Nigerian Universities (Ibadan, University of Ibadan, Faculty of Education Lecture Series, No. 2). BEREDAY, G. Z. (1969) Essays on World Education the crises of supply and demand (New York, Oxford University Press). CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA (1994) Statistical Bulletin, 5(1). CHUTA, E. J. 1995) Money syndrome, paper presented at the 10th Congress of the Nigerian Academy of Education at Abuja (Abuja, November 9, 1995). COOMBS, P. H. (1968) The World Educational Crisis a systems analysis (London, Oxford University Press). COOMBS, P. H. (1970) What is Educational Planning? (Pa ris, UNESCO IIEP). DORE, R. (1976) The Diploma Disease education, quali cation and development (London, George Allen & Unwin). FAFUNWA, A. B. (1974) A History of Education in Nigeria (London, George Allen & Unwin).FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (1990) Statistics of Education in Nigeria 1985 1989 (Lagos, Government Printer). FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (1995) Educational Data Bank (Lagos, Federal Ministry of Education). FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA (1981) The National Policy on Education (Lagos, Government Printer). FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA (1995) Educational Data Bank Statistics (Lagos, Federal Ministry of Education). MACKINNON, F. (1960) The Politics of Education (Toronto, University of Toronto Press).NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION (1993) NUC Statistical Digest 1988 1992 (Lagos, NUC). NWAGWU, N. A. (1990) The Concept of marginal Standards in Education. Second Nathan Ejiogu Memorial Lecture, Nsukka, University of Nigeria. OCHO, L. O. (1995) A history of the crisis in the Niger ian education system, in O. ANIMBA, P. OMOLUABI & O. ANOWOR (Eds) The Nigerian Education System in Crisis, pp. 55 63 (Enugu, Amazing Grace Publishers). SOFOLAHAN, J. S. (1991) Chairman s storey to the National Policy on Education Implementation Committee (Lagos, Federal Ministry of Education).

A Case Analysis on Sealed Air Corporation

The context in which the decision is to be made is that Sealed straining is facing competition from unexpected quarters. The company Sealed furrow had achieved market leading by differentiating its line of merchandiseCap soften materials by using the barrier-coating making AirCap cushioning material more than versatile and reliable.The company had depended on this all- grievous(a) differentiating factor that had been communicated to its customers in different ways. In addition, its gross salespersons had too been trained to project the superiority of coated sing cushioning. Sealed Air technology is patented and so it enjoyed leadership in the cushioning market. What is more important is that the brand AirCap was positioned as high quality, premium-cushioning material.Currently, there is an make up in competition from two quarters. First, there argon several small manufacturers that have invented processes similar to that of Sealed Air and have produced cheap substitutes. S econd, there is an increase in uncoated blether cushioning manufacturing and marketing in the USA especially by a new competitor that is GAFCEL.The issue to be decided is whether Sealed Air should commence manufacturing uncoated guggle operations to preclude this new competition or should Sealed Air continue with its strategy of accenting the benefits of coated bubble technology. There be pressures from several quarters on Hauser to make the decision.The GAFCEL sales are increasing very quickly, the distributors of AirCap have also taken up the distribution of GAFCEL and the distributors are actively asking for uncoated bubble cushioning. On the new(prenominal) hand Hauser is torn because Sealed Air has been positioned as a coated bubble company, it has communicated the benefits of coated bubble technology over the years and its sales force is also lie towards selling coated bubble cushioning.There are several requirements and limitations. The requirement for Sealed Air is to curtain call the falling market share at home and abroad. For example, in England, Sealed Air needs to counter the challenges thrown to it by the Japanese firm that is selling uncoated bubble products at 50% slight price than AirCap cushioning. Similarly, in France the market share of AirCap has fallen from 50% to 30% because of increased competition from uncoated products.Finally, In Germany, AirCap was losing its share at the rate of 20% to 30% per year. Even though the gross sales of AirCap in the US market are increasing, the rate of increase is much slower than what it was in primaeval 70s. For instance the increase in sales from 1973 to 1974 was 30%, the increase in sales from 1979 to 1980 was only 19% (Dolan p4). The basic requirement for Sealed Air is to counter the fast eroding market for its coated AirCap.It essential be able to regain its market share to at least 1978 levels. Sealed Air has other requirements it must be able to cherish its current positioning in the market, it should be able to protect its coated bubble sales and must not dilute the brand equity of AirCap. Further, Sealed Air should endeavor to follow the twin objectives of providing market leadership through technological leadership.Till now Sealed Air has technological leadership as well as market leadership because AirCap had been selling coated bubble cushioning. Sealed Air also needs to ensure that its distributors continue to sell its coated bubble products as they have done in the past. However, Hauser has some limitations. These are that the company does not have any bureau of differentiating if it goes in for uncoated bubble products. It has to compete on price with GAFCEL. There is no technological leadership for Sealed Air if it goes in for uncoated bubble technology.Moreover, the sales force of Sealed Air is oriented towards selling strongly differentiated high quality premium AirCap products. This sales force is not adequate for uncoated products.The sales of Air Cap products are limited by the demand for high quality versatile backpacking material. Similarly, the distributors and their selling methods are suited more for uncoated bubble cushioning rather than AirCap products that needed more demonstration and selling time.

 Art of Characterization of Henry Fielding Essay

Joseph Andrews is handles first original. It is a classical example of a literary work which started as a prank and ended as an excellent work of art in its own right. The work Fielding intend to parody was Richardsons first novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded which had taken England by storm in the years following 1740 when it was first published. In his novel Fielding intended in the beginning to fancy how Lady Booby (aunt of Lord B. in Richardsons novel) attempts the virginity of Joseph Andrews, described as the virtuous Pamelas pal but in the end discovered to be different.The whole intention was jocund. But after Chapter IX Joseph Andrews seems to break away completely from the original intention. government minister Adams, who has no counterpart in Pamela, runs away with the novel. He is one of the most living, lovable, comical bundles of wisdom and simplicity in all literature. In the words of Edmund Gosse, Parson Abraham Adams, alone, would be a contribution to English letters. He indeed is the hero of the novel, and not Joseph Andrews.Fielding was certain of giving a new literary form with Joseph Andrews which he called a comic epic in prose. Fielding is a great master of the art of characterization also. Fieldings broad world sympathy coupled with his keen observation of even the faintest element of hypocrisy in a person is his basic asset as a master of characterization. He laughs and makes us laugh at some of his characters, but he is never cynical or misanthropic. He is a pleasant satirist, sans malice, sans harshness.He gives no evidence of being angry at the foibles of his characters or of holding a lash in readiness. His comic creations resemble those of Chaucer and Shakespeare. Parson Trulliber and Falstaff, if they were to meet, would have immediately recognized each other Fielding is one of the superior humorists in English literature. The same comic spirit which permeates his plays is also evident in his novels. As he informs us , the author upon whom he modeled himself was Cervantes it is not surprising, therefore, that comedy should be his method.Fieldings humor is wide in range. It rises from the coarsest farce to the astonishing heights of the subtlest irony. On one side is his zestful description of various fights and, on the other, the grim irony of Jonathan Wild. Higher than both is that ineffable, pleasant, and ironic humor that may be plant everywhere in Tom Jones but is at its best in Joseph Andrews where it plays like summer lightning somewhat the figure of Parson Adams-an English cousin of Don Quixote.Fieldings very definition of the novel as a comic epic in prose is indicative of the place of humor and comedy in his novels and, later, those of many of his followers. It may be pointed out here that Richardson had no sense of humor he was an joyless moralist and sentimentalist. Comparing the two, Coleridge says There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that prevails everywhere strongly co ntrasted with the close, hot, tfay-dreamy continuity of Richardson. Fieldings humor is sometimes of the satiric kind, but he is never harsh or to a fault cynical.

Case Brief

CASE BRIEF cocktail dress State of Missouri v. David R. wind, 03CR679889. MO, www. courts. mo. gov/ pillow slipnet FactsAt the clip of the filing of his appeal, Mr. David R. steer had been charged and convicted of act statutory bollix up (under RSMO 566. 032 and 564. 011) and attempted versed ontogenesis of a minor (under RSMO 564. 011 and RSMO 566. 032). David R. confidential information engaged in several conversations via telecommunicate and chat rooms with a northward County Deputy Sheriff who was conducting a sting operation against pedophiles.The Deputy took on a persona of a xiii year old female by the name of Ashley Anne. galore(postnominal) of the conversations that took moorage between Mr. Bullock and Ashley were of a sexual nature. During conversations between Mr. Bullock and Ashley, he discussed how he would wish well to engage in certain acts (sexual) with her and her friends (girls of jr. age) and how he would like to video those acts. He informed Ashley tha t the conversations well-nigh join forcesing with her and her friends should non be discussed because it was not legal for them to proper.Eventually a confrontation was scheduled for a time and a place to meet and specific instructions were given to Ashley on how the collision should scratch place. Ashley was told that upon her arrival to the qualify hole, she should meet Mr. Bullock in a specific area of that location. On October 18, 2002, Mr. Bullock and the decoy Ashley were present at the specified location, along with computer and video equipment in his vehicle, which ultimately leads to knave 2 Mr. Bullock being arrested. At the time of the arrest, Mr.Bullock did not deny having conversations with Ashley but explained that if she would arrive, he just wanted her to be counseled by the authorities on the dangers of meeting strangers on the internet. Mr. Bullock argues that his fortune is a case of entrapment and that he took no self-colored move towards committing the crimes he has been charged and convicted of. History David R. Bullock of Bowling Green, Missouri was charged and ulterior convicted of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor the defendant was pitch guilty by Jasper County Court in December of 2003.Mr. Bullock pass on an appeal on the basis of entrapment and adequacy of try. The appeal was granted and The court determined that the defendant in fact took essential steps toward committing the crimes he was convicted of and the theory of entrapment was extinquished because Mr. allow did not admit to committing the crimes and it was not proven that the delegation of these acts were not of foresight defendant being ready and free to commit these acts. The Appeal Court affirmed.IssueShould people be convicted of crimes that are initially staged to undertake out much(prenominal) individuals and are there distinguishable characteristics of acts that poop be considered as substantial steps when i t comes to gaining a conviction on these grounds? Mr. Brooks argued that if it wasnt for the Deputy (Ashley) engaging him in such(prenominal) conversations, he would have not carried out those acts. He state that he was only expressing his fantasies (which he was not charged or convicted of) and would not have considered acting upon them without the bonus of the Ashley.Secondly, he stated that conversations regarding future plans, assembling or arriving at the Page 3 planned location does not constitute a substantial step in committing the offenses that he wasconvicted of. The court is left to check whether the Defendant was predisposed and not bring forth to commit these crimes and if the acts that he carried out would be sufficient complete to be considered true preparation for the commission of said crimes. DecisionYes. The appellant court affirmed the impression of the lower court and upheld the defendants conviction.RationaleThe court reasons that the defense of entrapmen t is only available to a defendant if there is evidence both(prenominal) of an sinful inducement by police to commit an outlaw(a) act and the absence of a predisposition to engage in such conduct (the defendant was not ready and willing) to commit an unlawful act. Also, the defense of entrapment is an affirmative defense by which the defendant essential admit having engaged in the proscribe conduct to be entitle to an entrapment instruction, which the defendant did not. Concerning the sufficiency of evidence substantial steps, the court fix the analysis in State v.Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App. W. D. 2004), to be precise and similar to the case at hand. In this case, the defendant engaged in e-mails and instant messaging of a sexual nature with a sheriff make up as a 14-year-old girl. Id. at 195. The defendant do plans to meet the victim at a bowl alley at a specific day and time and told the victim that he would be carry condoms, alcoholic beverages, and lubricant. Id. After the defendant arrived at the meeting place and was found with condoms, four wine coolers and lubricant, he was arrest.These acts were considered to be a substantial step Page 4 in the commission of the crime. Likewise, Mr. Bullock had sexual conversations with Ashley, requested to engage in sexual acts with her and friends (which were to be filmed), hold to meet, gave instructions to Ashley on how to meet, arrived at meeting place with video/computer equipment and exited his vehicle and followed Ashley. The court assessed that these acts were deemed as criminal and are bring inly crimes of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor.NotesI agree with the rationale and the end of the court. Their citing of the State v. Johnson, 728 S. W. 2d 675 (Mo. App. S. D. 1987) which states that a defendant is not entitled to entrapment instruction when the defendant charged with sell narcotics denies committing the crime is identical to the circumstances sur rounding Mr. Bullocks appeal. One cannot claim entrapment when one claims no wrong doing to be trapped. Also, another great citation that made the decision of the appeal court clear was State v. Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App.W. D. 2004). There were many aspects of the Young case that were similar to the Bullock case such as sexual conversations with an underage female (law enforcement), future meeting plans, and incriminating items brought to the meeting. In reviewing the case it was apparent(a) to me that there were several substantial steps that this defendant took and was acted upon with forethought to accomplish his planned crimes. Page 5 WORKS CITED Schmalleger, Hall & Dolatowski, Criminal Law Today, Columbia College Edition, consumption Publishing, New York, 2010.Case BriefCASE BRIEF Case State of Missouri v. David R. Bullock, 03CR679889. MO, www. courts. mo. gov/casenet FactsAt the time of the filing of his appeal, Mr. David R. Bullock had been charged and convicted of a ttempted statutory rape (under RSMO 566. 032 and 564. 011) and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor (under RSMO 564. 011 and RSMO 566. 032). David R. Bullock engaged in several conversations via email and chat rooms with a Newton County Deputy Sheriff who was conducting a sting operation against pedophiles.The Deputy took on a persona of a thirteen year old female by the name of Ashley Anne. Many of the conversations that took place between Mr. Bullock and Ashley were of a sexual nature. During conversations between Mr. Bullock and Ashley, he discussed how he would like to engage in certain acts (sexual) with her and her friends (girls of younger age) and how he would like to video those acts. He informed Ashley that the conversations about meeting with her and her friends should not be discussed because it was not legal for them to meet.Eventually a meeting was scheduled for a time and a place to meet and specific instructions were given to Ashley on how the meeting should take place. Ashley was told that upon her arrival to the specified location, she should meet Mr. Bullock in a specific area of that location. On October 18, 2002, Mr. Bullock and the decoy Ashley were present at the specified location, along with computer and video equipment in his vehicle, which ultimately leads to Page 2 Mr. Bullock being arrested. At the time of the arrest, Mr.Bullock did not deny having conversations with Ashley but explained that if she would arrive, he just wanted her to be counseled by the authorities on the dangers of meeting strangers on the internet. Mr. Bullock argues that his case is a case of entrapment and that he took no substantial steps towards committing the crimes he has been charged and convicted of. History David R. Bullock of Bowling Green, Missouri was charged and later convicted of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor the defendant was found guilty by Jasper County Court in December of 2003.Mr. Bullock requested a n appeal on the basis of entrapment and sufficiency of evidence. The appeal was granted and The court determined that the defendant in fact took substantial steps toward committing the crimes he was convicted of and the theory of entrapment was extinquished because Mr. Brooks did not admit to committing the crimes and it was not proven that the commission of these acts were not of forethought defendant being ready and willing to commit these acts. The Appeal Court affirmed.IssueShould people be convicted of crimes that are initially staged to seek out such individuals and are there distinguishable characteristics of acts that can be considered as substantial steps when it comes to gaining a conviction on these grounds? Mr. Brooks argued that if it wasnt for the Deputy (Ashley) engaging him in such conversations, he would have not carried out those acts. He stated that he was only expressing his fantasies (which he was not charged or convicted of) and would not have considered acting upon them without the inducement of the Ashley.Secondly, he stated that conversations regarding future plans, solicitation or arriving at the Page 3 planned location does not constitute a substantial step in committing the offenses that he wasconvicted of. The court is left to decide whether the Defendant was predisposed and not induced to commit these crimes and if the acts that he carried out would be sufficient enough to be considered true preparation for the commission of said crimes. DecisionYes. The appellant court affirmed the judgment of the lower court and upheld the defendants conviction.RationaleThe court reasons that the defense of entrapment is only available to a defendant if there is evidence both of an unlawful inducement by police to commit an unlawful act and the absence of a predisposition to engage in such conduct (the defendant was not ready and willing) to commit an unlawful act. Also, the defense of entrapment is an affirmative defense by which the defendant must admit having engaged in the proscribed conduct to be entitled to an entrapment instruction, which the defendant did not. Concerning the sufficiency of evidence substantial steps, the court found the analysis in State v.Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App. W. D. 2004), to be accurate and similar to the case at hand. In this case, the defendant engaged in e-mails and instant messaging of a sexual nature with a sheriff posing as a 14-year-old girl. Id. at 195. The defendant made plans to meet the victim at a bowling alley at a specific day and time and told the victim that he would be bringing condoms, alcoholic beverages, and lubricant. Id. After the defendant arrived at the meeting place and was found with condoms, four wine coolers and lubricant, he was arrest.These acts were considered to be a substantial step Page 4 in the commission of the crime. Likewise, Mr. Bullock had sexual conversations with Ashley, requested to engage in sexual acts with her and friends (which were to be filmed), agreed to meet, gave instructions to Ashley on how to meet, arrived at meeting place with video/computer equipment and exited his vehicle and followed Ashley. The court assessed that these acts were deemed as criminal and are clearly crimes of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor.NotesI agree with the rationale and the decision of the court. Their citing of the State v. Johnson, 728 S. W. 2d 675 (Mo. App. S. D. 1987) which states that a defendant is not entitled to entrapment instruction when the defendant charged with selling narcotics denies committing the crime is identical to the circumstances surrounding Mr. Bullocks appeal. One cannot claim entrapment when one claims no wrong doing to be trapped. Also, another great citation that made the decision of the appeal court clear was State v. Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App.W. D. 2004). There were many aspects of the Young case that were similar to the Bullock case such as sexual conversati ons with an underage female (law enforcement), future meeting plans, and incriminating items brought to the meeting. In reviewing the case it was apparent to me that there were several substantial steps that this defendant took and was acted upon with forethought to accomplish his planned crimes. Page 5 WORKS CITED Schmalleger, Hall & Dolatowski, Criminal Law Today, Columbia College Edition, Custom Publishing, New York, 2010.

A Stylistic Study of Netspeak in Internet Chatroom

The Internet is one of the most remarkable things charitable beings have ever made. It has exerted great impact on various aspects of peoples lives, among which the change of spoken communication is obvious.Netspeak is a young topic, so it is of great necessity for us to have a systematic analysis, which get out meet the need of the development to netspeak.The present descriptions be not able to account for or meet chat room netspeak in an all-round way. Some of the researches are prescriptive rather than descriptive and there is infinitesimal stylistic analysis on the distinctive features of netspeak. Therefore, some deeper approaches are required.This thesis provides much-needed descriptions of netspeak in Internet chatroom from the perspective of stylistics. Stylistic theories are then the major theoretical basis for this thesis. The current situation animate my enthusiasm in this relatively new and unexplored area of netspeak studies.Research ObjectivesThe present study is conducted in the hope that it can arouse peoples attention and help people to develop an divert and appreciation for netspeak in Internet chatroomIt is aimed to reveal the stylistic distinctiveness of netspeak in Internet chatroomIt is hoped that this study will be helpful and beneficial to the evaluation of netspeak and the development of online-learning or the foreign voice communication learning and teaching This paper is also hopeful of having some practical value, and making theoretical contributions to progress study of netspeak.Research QuestionsIt is the design of this paper to answer the following questions1. What are the stylistic features of netspeak on different levels?2. What are the implications for the development of online-learning, and the future of netspeak?Research DesignThe basic methodology adopted involves both qualitative and quantitative study.There are two main sources used in this study in the collection of samples and materials. The first resource is from cerebrate books, newspapers and magazines. The second is a group of randomly selected contributions from Internet Chatroom. The method used is mainly a descriptive approach supported by statistical analysis on the samples selected.The organization of this thesis will be in two parts Literature Review and Stylistic Description and Analysis followed by a summary and conclusion.