Monday, September 30, 2019

Nail Biting

Nail Biting Do you constantly find yourself biting your nails off for no reason at all? Or have you ever thought about the damages caused by nail biting? Many people do not realize and know that there are medical affects and explanations for nail biting. Adults usually do not find themselves with this bad habit because nail biting is most common among kids and teens but mainly more within guys than girls. However regardless of gender or age nail biting can lead to unwanted consequences caused by stress, nervousness, or hunger. Unwanted consequences mainly consist with dental complications such as the chipping of your teeth.For most people, chipping a tooth is the only negative effect that biting your nails might have on your teeth. In fact, the book Pediatric Dentistry by Pinkham states: There is no evidence that nail biting can cause dental change other than minor enamel fractures. Nail biting can also cause a gap between your two front teeth. If the nail biting habit begins when th e child is very young, it has been reported to cause a gap between teeth. In addition causing gaps between your teeth can cause the roots of your teeth to become weaker. Nail biting during braces has been shown to cause root resorption.Last but not least nail biting can cause gingivitis. For example in the case report of a nine-year-old boy whose father called the dental office to describe his son's complaint of swelling of the gums surrounding the top front tooth. The patient came to the office the same day. The initial clinical examination revealed swelling of the gingival. During discussion with the parent and patient, the dentist noted that the patient's fingernails were bitten off. The patient and parent confirmed a habit of nail biting. Therefore the dentist removed from the gums a piece of nail that was compressed in.Nail biting can cause many dental complications however, what causes people to bit their nails? Many doctors and psychologists state that medical and psychologic al situations cause nail biting to occur without even realizing it. For example nail-biting is a common stress-relieving habit. Stress is that feeling you get when you're really worried about something. There are general factors that can lead to stress such as threats which include physical threats, social threats, financial threats, fears, and uncertainty. Therefore a common way people to react to stress is nail biting.A child or even an adult uses nail biting as a coping mechanism to relieve stuffed emotions. It has been documented that some people bite their nails in their sleep, sometimes wholly. This has been linked to stress while dreaming. Secondly, nervousness also leads to nail biting. When people are nervous, they fidget. Fidgeting involves moving with excitement. Hands, legs and other parts of the body make quick movements, with no particular aim. This is a reflex movement, initiated by the subconscious mind. This is a reaction to a tense situation. We do not know what to do but we know that we have to do something.Nail biting is one way of the body's response to the call for doing something. Children sometimes face an unpleasant situation. They commit a mischief and are caught. When they are confronted by their parents or teachers, they just stand biting their nails. This is a defense mechanism to prevent the children from doing an absurd act that could make the matter worse. Thirdly, as simple as this may sound, it has been revealed that some people who suffer from biting on their nails complains that they will only do so when they are feeling extremely hungry.Some will even go as far as to say that when they are hungry and they chew on their fingernails, they will get a soothing, as well as a comforting feeling that will sometimes drive away the hunger sensation. Several treatment measures may help you stop biting your nails. For example keeping your nails trimmed and filed, taking care of your nails can help reduce your nail-biting habit and enc ourage you to keep your nails attractive. Also try substituting another activity, such as drawing, writing when you find yourself biting your nails.Substituting nail biting can reduce the chances of getting dental complications. However it is important to keep in mind that psychological factors contribute to the bad habit of nail biting which is stress nervousness or hunger. These factors should be considered in stopping the reoccurrence of nail biting. http://www. nail-care-tips. com/nail-biting. php http://www. ehow. com/about_5097901_reasons-nail-biting. html http://www. tellinitlikeitis. net/2009/04/nail-biting-causes-consequences-cure-how-to-stop- biting-your-nails. html http://www. webmd. com/healthy-beauty/guide/stop-nail-biting-tips

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Plato’s Attack on Poetry

Poetry In order to understand Plato's attack on poetry we have to take in consideration the political and social context of Athens at that time. It was the context where Plato devoted all his efforts to uplift the moral condition of the individuals and the well being of the state. The aim of his literary criticism was to educate the youth and form them into good citizens of his ideal state. It was the age of political decline and the moral and educational standard of the citizens were in a poor state. The epics of Homer were very much rooted in every sphere of the society, and the influence of the poets on the society was too deep. Plato being a philosopher, to prove the superiority of the philosophy, he severely attacked poetry. Apart from poetry he criticized every other form of arts. Plato’s concepts on art were base son his Theory of Ideas. He believed that ideas are the ultimate reality. The ideas of everything are the original pattern and the things are the copies. So he viewed all forms of art as merely copies of copy, twice moved from reality. Things itself being imperfect and copies of the ideas, their reproduction in art must be more imperfect. He believed that the works of art takes man away from reality rather than leading to it. It neither helped to mould the character nor to promote the well being of the state. These were the basic principles underlined behind Plato’s critics on arts in general. Plato criticizes poetry in several of his dialogues, beginning with Apology, his first work, and ending with Laws, his last. Plato’s critics on poetry are basically concerned of two standards. The first concern was for the good of the individual and the state. Based on this standard he finds in poetry more to condemn it than approve. Same like his concepts about the other types of arts, his concepts about poetry also was under severe critic due to its unrealistic nature and its incapacity to be worthy to the society and individual. He severely condemned the incapacity of the art forms to get in to the roots/ reality and being concerned with only the twice removed reality. This was the first standard he used to condemn the poetry and other art forms in general. He attacked poetry on four grounds—moral, emotional, intellectual and utilitarian. Poetic inspiration: Poets does not write what he has thought to say, but because he is inspired. It means they do not compose the poem based on some virtue and reason, but based on some impulses and non rational kind coming from supernatural source. A sudden outpouring of the soul based on the sudden impulse of the moment does not be based on reason. Hence their pronouncements are unreliable and uncertain. They are not safe guides and it cannot be followed, it also cannot make the individuals a better citizens and the state a better organization. There might be some truth in them, for they are divinely inspired, but such partial and imperfect truths must be carefully examined. Such truths cannot use as substitute for knowledge based on reason. As the poems are based on the ‘divinely inspired’ and completely based on inspiration, sometimes the poets themselves cannot explain what they write. Another aspect of poetry which he criticizes is, the imitation or blind reliance on the passionate elements of the soul. He Plato divides the soul into three parts: (1) rational, (2) spirited, (3) appetitive. The imitation of the non rational part of the soul will give grater pleasure. The poets and the other artists imitates this baser, non rational part of the soul, and it leads them to away from reality and reason and become merely indulged in emotional outburst. The poets will be ashamed in their real life of the emotional over pouring which takes place during their poetic or other artistic performances. He condemns poetry in Republic X, for the poets, â€Å"they feed and water the passions instead of drying them up, and let them rule instead of ruling them as they ought to be ruled, with a view to the happiness and virtue of ‘mankind.† Based on all these ideas he strongly condemned poetry and argued that poetry cannot take the place of philosophy. The emotional appeal of poetry: Plato’s another charge against poetry is its appeal to the emotion. Being a product of inspiration, it effects emotion rather than reason, the heart rather than intellect. Emotions being just impulses like the poetic inspiration it cannot be trusted and act as safe guide as reason. The poetry at the time of Plato was tragic, in which the weeping and wailing were indulged to move the hearts of the spectators. He says in the republic â€Å"for f we let our own sense of pity grow strong by feeding upon the griefs of others, it is not easy to restrain it in the case of our own sufferings†. Non moral character. Plato’s another criticism against poetry is its lack of concern with morality. Poetry (and drama) is not conducive to social morality as poets pander to the popular taste and narrate tales of man's pleasant vices. Poe ts tell lies about gods. Gods and their representative heroes are represented as corrupt, immoral and dishonest in the epics of the poets (especially of Homer). This pervert public taste and morality. Children tend to imitate the doings of gods and other heroes as told to them by their mothers, they fashion their own conduct on what they read. It also hurt him to see virtue often coming to grief in the literature esteemed in his days – epics of Homer, narrative verse of Hesiod and tragedies of Aeschylus and Euripides. He says in republic â€Å"they give us to understand that many evil livers are happy and many righteous men unhappy†. Plato attacks poetry on intellectual grounds as well: poets have no knowledge of truth, for they imitate appearances and not the truth of things, illusions instead of reality. Poets, like painters, imitate the surface of things. Beyond the world of the senses there is another world, the world of ideal reality, where concepts, like truth, virtue, beauty, etc. , exist in an ideal form. Poetry is the product of futile ignorance. The poet who imitates without really knowing what he is imitating is demonstrating both his lack of useful purpose and his lack of knowledge. At last Plato says that â€Å"no poetry should be admitted save hymns to the gods and panegyrics on famous men. † The poets may be honoured, but they must be banished from his ideal state.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

A Study Of Symphony No. 5 In C Minor Op. 67 Of Ludwig Van Beethovens In Classical Musical Genre

A Study Of Symphony No. 5 In C Minor Op. 67 Of Ludwig Van Beethoven's In Classical Musical Genre Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 in C Minor Op. 67 is one of the most well-known and performed compositions in the classical genre. The symphony is used throughout pop culture worldwide and is often played at inaugural concerts for new orchestras. The classic four-note ‘fate motif’ is one of the most recognizable openings in the history of music and is featured prominently in a variety of contexts throughout the piece. Although this symphony was not as influential to listeners during the time period as to which Beethoven was alive, the 19th and 20th centuries popularized the piece and has been deemed to be the epitome of Beethoven’s musical style during the height of his musical career among composers, music directors, and musicians alike. The form and instrumentation of this piece are vastly different than pieces prior to the symphony as a performance of this work can range anywhere from 30-40 minutes in length. Not only did this piece further expand the length of the symphony, but the demands placed upon the musicians to which Beethoven composed in the music were so demanding and dense that a performance of this symphony was considered to be quite difficult to achieve in the early 19th century. The first movement is in C minor, is marked Allegro con Brio, and is in a traditional sonata form which was influenced from Beethoven’s teachers and mentors Haydn and Mozart. If one were to examine the score of this movement, one would notice the development section is expanded through the use of several key increasing the section in length and tension before returning to the recapitulation and coda of the movement. The second movement is in Ab major, is marked Andante con Moto, and is in a double variation form. This i s where two differing themes are presented and are played in alternation as they are presented in contrasting styles. A lengthy coda is also presented at the conclusion of this movement. The third movement is a Scherzo and trio, and is in a ternary form. This movement follows the classical tradition of a minuet and trio, but replaces the minuet with the faster, and newer in style Scherzo. There is no pause as the third movement transitions into the triumphant and heroic finale of the fifth symphony. This finale is in C major, the parallel major of the original key of the first movement. Upon hearing this, one could suggest that this minor to major tonality could represent some sort of internal struggle which the fate motif clearly emphasizes. The finale displays the conquering of this struggle as the movement ends in a brilliant fashion of stating the tonic resolution for the last eighty measures of the symphony. The instrumentation consists of piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, two cl arinets in Bb and C, two bassoons, contrabassoon, two horns in Eb and C, two trumpets, alto, tenor, and bass trombone, timpani in G and C, and strings. However, the piccolo, contrabassoon, and the three trombones are only used for the fourth movement signifying another new trend as most pieces did not feature these instruments during the time period. What makes the fifth symphony different from the third of Beethoven is that the third symphony was increasingly popular throughout Beethoven’s lifetime. The fifth achieved the fame it has today until later into the 19th century. However, although the third symphony is referenced as the ‘Heroic Symphony,’ some scholars of Beethoven’s works suggest that the fifth symphony is more heroic in style and form than the third as once again there seems to be some type of overarching representation of a battle or struggle which is endured then overcome with success. With this in mind, the fifth symphony could be more programmatic in thought leading to more emotional output in composition from Beethoven throughout his middle/late periods and for the several composers to which this symphony will influence in a further programmatic sense of mind.

Friday, September 27, 2019

William Harvey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

William Harvey - Essay Example Harvey is most famous for observing and putting forth the working of the circulation system. He outlined how the heart pumps blood and also traversed the path it takes. While the valves in veins were already hinted at, by earlier physiologists, Harvey took it up as a challenge to find out the real purpose of valves and its functioning in the circulatory system of the body. He also discovered the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. He discovered that while the heart pumps blood through the arteries, that flow into the body, while the veins carried impure blood back to the heart. He experimented upon this by pushing in blood in the opposite direction, which certainly did not happen. En route to discovering and letting t he world know about his great discovery, Harvey did stumble upon great many stones, mainly critics! Harvey's ideas were eventually accepted during his lifetime. His work was attacked, notably by Jean Riolan in Opuscula anatomica (1649) which forced Harvey to defend himself in Exercitatio anatomica de circulations sanguinis (also 1649) where he argued that Riolan's position was contrary to all observational evidence. [www.wikipedia.com] Ha

Thursday, September 26, 2019

The Benifits of Quality Early Childhood Education by using curriculum Thesis Proposal

The Benifits of Quality Early Childhood Education by using curriculum and literature - Thesis Proposal Example Last four decades witnessed an increasing attention directed to the education of children who are under five (Barnett & Boocock, 1998). With ongoing changes in family structures and lifestyles, the number of children who are cared for by someone other than a parent has steadily increased. On the basis of information provided by Barnett and Boocock, estimates suggest that almost 65 percent of mothers with preschool children are in the labor force. In 1995, 59 percent of all preschool-aged children within the US were in preschool care and education programs on a regular basis, including 67 percent of three-year-olds and 77 percent of four-year-olds (Hofferth, Shauman, Henke, & West, 1998). According to the study carried out by West, Denton, and Germino-Hausken (1998), US Department of Education (Doe) found that 80 percent of all children beginning kindergarten in the fall of 1998 had been in child care on a regular basis, and about half continued to be in child care before or after sch ool. Suggesting that, currently, the vast majority of children within the US spend much of their day away from their parents, with most attending a center-based preschool program prior to kindergarten. As reported by Yarosz and Barnett (2001), center-based preschool programs in 1999, were frequently attended by preschoolers throughout the US, with program participation at 70% at age four and 45% at age three. As described by Yarosz and Barnett, center-based programs are mostly labeled as child care, preschool, day care, and nursery school and are operated under a number of different auspices, including churches, independent non-profit, for-profits, public schools, and Head Start. According to West, Hausken, and Collins (1993), regardless of how preschool programs are described and labeled, most parents perceive such programs as educational. Further explained by Yarosz and Barnett, augmentation in parental education as well as income is directly related to an increase in the rate of enrollment and participation of children in preschool programs. The finding holds true with greater government support for programs targeting children in low-income families (example Title XX or Child Care Works). Additionally, as reported by Yarosz and Barnett, findings suggests that parents are less likely to enroll children under three in center-based programs, as parents tend to view infant and toddler care as less likely to influence later educational outcomes. Moreover, the implementation of preschool programs in public schools has recently increased. According to information provided by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)

Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance - Case Study Example Relatively tough economic environment. Economic conditions do not seem to be favorable as the overall industry dynamics may not allow the firm to expand at a rapid pace. With overall low prices, it may seem difficult for the firms to actually maintain their margins and effectively generate sufficient cash flows to service their debts. 2. Higher volume of business with limited capacity to meet the demand. It is also critical to note that though business is expanding, the overall capacity to meet this demand is limited. In order to expand meeting the demand, firm, however, has to borrow indicating that its own equity may be low; therefore, the firm’s own internal stake will be limited. It is critical that the capacity should be expanded with higher contribution from the owners with less reliance on debt. 3. Not professionally managed as firm is still a family business. Business does not seem to be run professionally as despite growing, firm has not been able to expand profession ally. The legal character of the firm is still same to be managed by the two individuals with little hiring except drivers. In order to manage the business, marketing side of the business must be delegated to professionals who can better run the firm and let the owners focus on the expansion of business. Analysis Ratio Analysis A closer look at the return on equity would indicate that for year 2002, ROE is higher than the industry average. However, it was lot lesser than the industry average in 2000 and 2001 suggesting that the firm has been able to increase its ROE. However, owners’ capital has remained constant during the period with increasing long term liabilities. ROE can increase due to higher level of debts and it seems that this large increase in ROE during 2002 is also the result of higher level of debt. Overall debt to equity is higher than the industry; however, interest coverage has increased too during last few years. Firm seems to be liquid as its current and ac id test ratios are higher than the industry average, however, higher liquidity position can be due to higher accumulation of accounts receivables on the balance sheet of the firm. Firm needs to improve its collection policy because higher investment into working capital is also a cost and it is a non-productive asset. Efficiency seems to have improved over the period of time as firm’s receivables in days have consistently been reduced. It is, however, important to note that account receivables are on rise which has basically inflated the liquidity position of the firm. Sales and assets growth has been high too, however, asset growth seems to be due to higher cost of the capital expenditure done. Sales have increased too but this increase has been mainly due to business given by one customer. Sales growth in 2001-2002 has been 29.5% down from 219%, however profit has shown an explosive growth. Statement of Changes Sources of Cash Short term Long Term Other Receivables 51.00 Pr epaid Expenses 935.00 Accounts Payable 17,322.57 Loan 30,000.00 Loan 270,000.00 Retained Earnings 58,750.96 Tota Sources 18,308.57 358,750.96 377,059.53 Uses of Cash Accounts Receivables 17,719.31 Net Fixed Assets 270,000.00 Total Uses 17,719.31 270,000.00 287,719.31 89,340.22 Cash Dec 2002 4,230.00 Cash Dec 2003 93,570.22 4Cs of Credit The loan will be collateralized

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

The Effect of Music on Behavior and Health Essay

The Effect of Music on Behavior and Health - Essay Example Music, a composition of rhythm, melody and harmony has been an important part of the human life for ages. Starting from the earliest civilizations, when bone flutes and jaw harps were used as instruments to the present day when guitars, violin and piano have replaced them. Music has been considered as a mode of communication in all the civilizations. The message of one man can be conveyed to many in a rather persuasive way with the help of music. People are more inclined to listen and follow if something is conveyed through music. Preachers from different religions have found this mode of communication very helpful and it has been very successful too. Though music too has changed with time just ever other thing we know but its importance and effects on human mind and body remains the same. The use of music as an inexpensive, nonpenetrating and pleasant medicine is not new. A fivefold decrease in the anxiety and stress of the patients was observed after a mere music therapy of 30 minu tes. The use of music in reducing anxiety in patients of different mental disorders like schizophrenia and dementia has been found to be very useful. Music is said to have a power which can energize the human body and mind. Music is supposed to enhance the self healing mechanisms of the body providing comfort and relaxation. Music has been used recently in the cognitive development of children. Norton et al. in 2006 indicated the significant development of the brain of the children who had been to music class or got some type of music training

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Containerizations in Maritime Shipping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Containerizations in Maritime Shipping - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that this particular system assists such organizations in attaining superior competitive position through providing them with numerous advantages. In this regard, one of the primary advantages of containerization in maritime shipping is to protect goods from different hazardous conditions while delivering them to other locations. In this regard, the system is most preferable towards conserving safety of the goods that to be transported in destinations located throughout different parts of the world. Most significantly, the containerization aspect also ensures to save a major portion of transportation costs as the system tends to seal intact and load huge quantity of finished goods or logistics from diverse locations (YouTube, n.d.). With regard to the roles and functions possess by an effective containerization system, in most often cases, the process seems to be parallel with air freight industry. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the system of containerization is often viewed to be a freight transport process, which involves the usage of effective and standardized techniques of shipping containers through diverse sorts of mediums including, shipyard, truck and airlines. Notteboom, T., & Rodrigue, J. P. (2009). The future of containerization: perspectives from maritime and inland freight distribution. Retrieved from http://people.hofstra.edu/jean-paul_rodrigue/downloads/future_containerization_tn_jpr_draft%20final.pdf YouTube. (n.d.). Pport of long beach: life of ocean container - learn international shipping & export doc. Retrieved from

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Law - Essay Example The main feature of the English legal system is that it is living and constantly evolving to work in the future as well as it did in the past1. Thus the single most unique feature of the English legal system is its inheritance from common law2. Most of the characteristics commonly linked to English law and its management of righteousness are traceable to the early on growth in Western Europe of the civil and common law customs. According to Goodman (1995), "several characteristic consequences flow from the fact that law did not emanate from one centralised authority such as papacy, king or parliament. The odd growth of the common law in England developed it appears from a coincidence resemblance of the implementation after the Norman take-over by consecutive monarchs of native customs as the foundation for the governance of justice. Conflict assessment, chiefly concerning land title, was a key function for justice. Judges were nominated by the king to tour the country and decide controversies, aided by a local adjudicator included by the Normans into operational royal courts. The trial accepted a key role in the settlement of disputes. Wilson (1995) states that â€Å"Everyone takes for granted the fact that law and legal systems differ in different countries. But it is also true of legal scholarship. One reason for this is the different responsibilities legal scholars have in different countries for the maintenance and development of the local law...One result is that legal scholars in different countries may have different agendas and this may affect the subject matter, scope and even the form and style of the local legal scholarship.† According to Blackstone and Morrison (2001) common law was "... to be found in the records of our several courts of justice in books of reports and judicial decisions, and in treatises of learned sages of the profession,

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The Destructors by Graham Greene Essay Example for Free

The Destructors by Graham Greene Essay The word ‘allegory’ means that which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning. These are typically moral or politically based works of†¦ writing, in this case. †The Destructors† explores and focuses on the former rather than the latter- the aforementioned ‘morals’. This is majorly done using microcosms to reflect on the condition of England and its people within the actions and thoughts of the characters. It may sound a bit complicated at first, but basically the things that the characters in the story do and see are symbolic of the state of England at the time- after the second world war. Now, coming to the story itself- it follows the Wormsley Common Gang, a group of children living in Eastern London in 1956. The city is basically dreary, bleak, and lacks any type of warmth or compassion. Yep, it’s downright dreadful. â€Å"Beauty† is a thing of the past; unheard of! It is a word that belongs to the â€Å"class world†-which is now a joke, and â€Å"parodied†. This is where the new generation has grown up, and it is all that the children have known. Greene begins the story in an almost childlike tone of voice, and establishes the sense of innocence that should be present in all of the children. But then he goes on to introduce the â€Å"gang† and their lives, forcing the reader to wonder about the circumstances which have led to these young boys acquiring qualities of â€Å"danger†, of the â€Å"unpredictable†. Greene then answers this question, going on to explain that the story is set in the place that has been the worst for wear- having been dealt the worst blow in the war- and will continue to suffer due to the aftermath of the war. Here he refers to â€Å"the first blitz†; a period when London was continuously bombed and left in a state of disarray. Again, this is the environment that the children have been brought up in (not a very healthy one) without even the memories of the prosperous times that they missed. This- the memory of better times- is a key element in the story and will develop late r, so keep it in mind. The gang consists of several characters with highly contrasting attitudes except for one shared sentiment (I’m sure you’ll be able to identify it as the story progresses). The most fascinating character is probably that of T., short for Trevor, who is introduced as â€Å"the new recruit†- someone of little importance- who â€Å"never wastes a word† and is a typically silent, yet cunning member. However, there are â€Å"possibilities about his brooding silence† that give him an element of mystery. It is important to remember that one important factor which differentiates him from the others is that he is well educated- an uncommon trait- which is indicated by the fact that he correctly identifies the shared style of architecture of two different buildings: a house, and a church. Blackie is the leader of the gang in the beginning of the story. He is mature, practical, and a good leader, but lacks any form of refinement and is doubtful of his own capabilities. This is apparent when he replies to T.’s comment about St. Paul’s Cathedral with an indifferent â€Å"who cares?† Mike is the youngest of the group, very obedient and respectful, but only with the other gang members. He is not old enough to be scarred by the brutality of his city, but on the other hand he is not old enough to have formed a real bond with any of the other boys. He follows their orders not because he is driven to do so by motivation, but simply because he doesn’t know better- something we call naà ¯vetà ©. His innocence is the only somewhat comforting concept in a world where everything is broken and the one remnant of the past is the house of a man named â€Å"Old Misery†. This house had been built by Wren, whose most famous construction- St. Paul’s- had also miraculously survived the horrors of the war. This makes the house seem even more of a foreign entity in the boys’ lives. â€Å"Old Misery† is the man Mr. Thomas, who lives near the impromptu car-park where the boys meet each morning. He is actually well meaning and kind, but the boys, who have only learnt to be distrustful, struggle to cast him in a negative light. When Thomas gives them chocolates for no obvious reason, they naturally assume the worst of him for it and believe that they are being bribed to stop bouncing their balls on the walls of his house. Therefore, they devote the entire following day on doing just that- bouncing their balls on the walls of his house- something that only Mike is â€Å"young enough to enjoy†. The boys are obviously doing this out of spite for Thomas, and desire respect in the eyes of adults and the other gang members. Blackie once claimed that he had actually heard the first-blitz, but no-one notices that at the time of the bombing, even Blackie would have been only one year old. He said this in order to strengthen his position as the leader of the gang, and so the boys would respect him as an authoritative figure. T., whose name is actually Trevor, is referred to as T. but not because it is an endearment, but so that his ‘posh’ name wouldn’t set him apart from the other members of the gang. However, Thomas does not mind these antics, for in the children he sees his own childhood and he has hopes that they will someday renew his country’s former glory. This is extremely ironic, considering that their behavior towards him completely contradicts this. The boys’ lack of empathy can be quite a bit associated with their parents’ examples, who had been forced to live through the war, and as a result becoming bitter and shrugging off their responsibilities. For instance, T.’s father had â€Å"come down in the world† and his mother considered herself to be â€Å"better than others†. We assume that he has had an unloved upbringing. Mike’s parents tell him to go to church on his own, as his mother â€Å"felt ill† and his father was â€Å"tired† (after a late night of drinking!) Mike recognizes these excuses and his impressionable mind gradually becomes influenced by lies. The boys are, in essence, left by themselves, a nd without the guidance of their parents, become hateful and aggressive. Of all the members of the gang, T. is probably the most radical and frightening. At first, when he calls Old Misery’s house â€Å"beautiful† we are relieved to know that at least one of the children still appreciates beauty. Believe it or not, the other boys think the same thing, and rebuke T. for not stealing something while he had the chance. However, this statement is not one of appreciation. Far from it, it is an accusation! T. can identify beauty as something he never had a chance to experience, and he wants to make sure that no-one else appreciates it either. He decides to propose that the boys tear the house down, as Old Misery is leaving for the weekend. Not only does he become the gang’s new leader with this suggestion, (remember the common emotion the boys share? Well, it’s jealousy. They are jealous of anyone who has experienced the happiness and compassion to which they are strangers and, as revenge, they want to destroy the few things that act as reminders of the past or can be described as ‘beautiful ‘. Hence the name Destructors) and the â€Å"fickleness of favor† is symbolic of the changing opinions in the society of London at the time. When T. states that he doesn’t â€Å"hate† Old Misery, the reason behind his actions is unclear. But then he goes on to say how if he did, the demolition of his house would not be â€Å"fun†. He makes sure that the boys carefully destroy only the interior of the house, and goes so far as to burn all of Thomas’ savings! The efficient, militaristic manner with which the boys tear down the house is microcosmic of the efficiency with which Germany completely obliterated some parts of London. When Blackie enters the house at their first meeting, he immediately notices that the demeanor of the boys had changed from the â€Å"happy-go-lucky† ways of before to something greater than them all. He gets the impression of â€Å"organization†. â€Å"No-one speaks† and there is a sense of â€Å"great urgency† as they carefully destroy the innocent man’s house (Greene almost makes the boys seem similar to terrorists in this way). They work â€Å"with the seriousness of creators† and stating that â€Å"destruction is a form of creation† only further supports the sentiment that man has become increasingly destructive, almost to the point of self-destruction, after the horrors of war and the resulting bitterness. The words Greene uses to describe the condition of the house; â€Å"pillaged†, â€Å"ripped† and â€Å"smashed† are reflective of the appearance of the city after the bombings, and can also be linked to its description in the beginning of the story, where the entire lane was â€Å"shattered† and glass had all been â€Å"sucked out of the window frames†. When Summers, a skinny ‘yellow’ boy asks whether they have done enough, T. replies adamantly that they must utterly destroy the house until â€Å"there won’t be anything left†. They are later interrupted by Mike claiming that Old Misery is well on his way back, and T. states that â€Å"It isn’t fair† which is an ironic statement coming from him as Greene states that it â€Å"mimics the childhood he never had†. T. doesn’t want to leave the house as it is because there is still a possibility that it could be rebuilt, this time even more beautifully than before. T. struggles to remain composed, and it is obvious that his authority has started to crumble under the immediate threat of discovery as he â€Å"begs† the boys to â€Å"please† give him a chance to â€Å"fix† this, which is an interesting choice of words as T. lacks the ability to create and would obviously lack the ability to â€Å"fix† as well. Surprisingly, it is Blackie who steps up to help T. and this action clearly portrays how to people, no matter how different in ideologies and opinions, can work together to achieve a common goal (here, this goal is destructive).The boys devise a plan to keep Old Misery occupied and T. manipulates Thomas into following him to the loo, where he claims that a boy has fainted. The fact that Thomas follows T. not only hints at his trusting nature, but also his desire to help the boys to which they are oblivious. Not only does he do this, but T. even persuades Thomas to climb the wall of his own garden, even though he states that â€Å"It’s absurd†. His climbing over the wall shows a shift in control from the older generation to the younger generation, of which they take advantage. As Thomas opens the door of the loo, he is pushed inside and the door is bolted. As he sits inside, occasionally receiving food and blankets, Thomas is aware that due to the Bank Holiday, everyone would have gone out and his cries for help would not be heard. As he wonders what is happening outside, Greene explains how the older generation is now trapped; they can only sit idly as they watch the new generation destroying their legacy, unable to protect their home. Meanwhile, the boys continue to â€Å"penetrate† into the house, leaving it â€Å"gutted† (These words create an effect of a process like ‘dissection’ taking place). Greene describes the house as â€Å"balanced on a few inches of bricks† and this is apt to describe the state of Britain’s economy; â€Å"in shambles†. The fact that it is ultimately the driver who actually â€Å"destroys† the house shows that although the initial idea of destruction was the boys’, their plan is finally executed by the generation that is responsible for their destructive nature. The line â€Å"It’s nothing personal† is repeated twice in the story, once when Thomas is sitting in the loo, and once after the house has fallen, indicating that the driver did not feel the slightest hint of compassion for Thomas as he tries to control his laughter and for the children, who are responsible for the destruction of his house, it is an impersonal act borne of man’s aggressive nature. However, to Thomas, who can still remember the Britain of old, it is the loss of ties to the past and the annihilation of any hopes for the future for the second time; first to Germany, and second to the children of his own country, for which he had such high hopes. The final act of destruction demonstrated the transition of power over the generations, and expresses how the bitterness of war causes bitterness to fester in man’s heart until he becomes what he ought to despise.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Donating Your Body To Science Philosophy Essay

Donating Your Body To Science Philosophy Essay Why should someone donate their body to science? One reason is to help discover causes for diseases and even develop cures for those diseases. Using donated bodies scientists have discovered many reasons why humans develop cancer and because of this are also finding ways to treat it. Scientists are also using human brains which have been donated to help them see how the brains works and to help them treat brain disorders. Another benefit of people donating their bodies to science is relieving their families of the expensive of burial. Funeral costs are expensive. In most cases of donation of a body, funeral fees will be paid by the business, hospital or university that is using the body for research. Often they will cremate what was not used and give the families the cremated remains. Other times, they will give the families the body back and pay for the funeral. This is not the case for everybody though, it depends on what the recently deceased person requested in their will. The business, hospital or university will almost always honor what the donors request happens to their bodies. A third reason someone would donate their body is to help solve crimes. Forensic investigators use bodies to help identify how long someone has been dead after a murder. The forensic investigators can do this by studying the decay that occurs to a body over a period of time. They can also use a body to help show how a person died. To do this, they use donated bodies to demonstrate different wounds that can be caused by various weapons and then compare those wounds to decide what weapon was used in a particular case. As a result, donating your body to science can help solve crimes and stop criminals from committing future crimes. There are also many reasons why someone would choose not to donate their body to science. One is religion. Although most people believe donating a body is good, they may think that it goes against their religious beliefs. However, most major religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam recognize and allow organ and tissue donations. Most religions even believe that donating a body is a good thing to do and that it is an act of kindness. However, not all religions support this and a few do believe that your body should remain whole and intact after death. Overall, it depends on the person to decide what should happen their body. Another reason that someone may not donate their body is fear. Many people think that if they were in some kind of accident and were about to die the doctors would not try as hard to save them. A lot of people believe that the doctors will want their organs. This is not true. When someone is rushed into the emergency room doctors do not even know if they are a donor or not. So there is no benefit for the doctor to not try as hard to save a life in the hope of having organs to use. In fact, if it can be proven that the doctor did not make every effort to save a life they can be sued for malpractice. There really is no reason to be afraid to donate your organs or body because a doctor will always try their hardest to save someone if they are about to die. My final reason that someone may not donate their body is because they feel it will be disgraced and they truth of the matter is that the body does have a chance of being disgraced. Like in the book Stiff when Mary Roach talks about cadavers being used as crash test dummies. Many people would find this to be disgraceful, but it still does not change the fact that these people are helping the world to be safer because it demonstrates what the human body can go through in a crash. When someone does donate their body to science it does have a chance of being disgraced but that should not keep people from doing it. The benefits almost always out way the cost. What one person sacrifices may save the lives of many others. Many people wonder what donating their body to science can do. One major thing is that it can help save a life. When Mary Roach talks about cadavers being used by medical students helps explain why they need to study the human body. I know that I would not want a surgeon who has never really studied a human body to perform surgery on me. This practice can help save a life because it gives doctors and surgeons experience that they need. When human bodies are used as crash test dummies it helps show what improvements need to be made to our cars to make them safer for us. When an organ is donated it can even save someones life. When a body is donated it can help save a life in numerous ways. Donating a body to science can also help show how diseases impact a body. If the person who donated their body had a disease then doctors and scientists can examine that body to see what effects the disease did to the body and how it effected each of the organs. This will help scientist know how to treat others with the same disease more effectively. For example, if the person donating their body had a disease that affected their brain scientists and doctors can discover new and better ways to operate on a living person or create new medications to lessen or eliminate the effects to the brain. This is important because we need to know how different diseases react with the human body and the medicines that are used to counteract the disease. Donating a body to science can even help prevent inhumane treatment of animals and save their lives. Modern medicine is beginning to move away from using living animals to experiment on because of animal rights activists. Studies have shown that surgeons who work on human cadavers do far better than those who work on living animals. It is a lot easier to work with patients because of the experience they have with human cadavers instead of animals. They are even working on a new way to make human cadavers cardiovascular systems work while they are working on the cadavers. There is so much knowledge that a human body can provide over a living animal to a new doctor or surgeon. A human cadaver has so much to offer us. Most people have no idea what donating your body can do. It helps us in ways that I never thought possible but learned about as I read the book Stiff. I never realized cadavers were used as crash test dummies or to see how bullets and bombs affect the body. Those who donate give us so much that we do not realize. They have probably saved hundreds of thousands of lives. By donating their bodies they have each opened up new ways to help others. Everyone who donated their body did it to help others. In my mind, they should be considered heroes because they do so much good for us and arent even here to see what they have done. Overview I personally thought the book Stiff was a good book. I am not one for the more ghoulish parts but overall still thought that it was a good book. I do not think that this would be a book that I would have chosen on my own but I am glad that I had to read this book. When I first got this book I had no idea what donating your body to science actually meant. Although, at this time, I do not plan to donate my body to science, this book actually shown me how much good can come from it. Maybe in the future, as I get older or if my life is at some point affected by a donation, my decision may change. I thought the book was very well written and maintained a good balance between being gross and funny. When I first got the book I really did not want to read it but the more I got into it the more entertaining it became. My favorite part of the book was Chapter 4, Dead Man Driving. There was just something about it that made me laugh even though it seems wrong to use a persons body as a crash te st dummy. It made me wonder, if these people are watching themselves being crashed into a wall, what would they be thinking. Would they still think they made the right decision or would they regret it? This book was one of the more enjoyable books I have read. Over the summer I plan to read more books like Stiff. Work Cited  · pitz, Marylynne. donating your body to science. N.p., 28 Apr. 2010. Infoiho.org. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. · Stolz, Greg. Dead and gone- but still usefull. N.p., 28 Oct. 2008. infohio.org. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. · Fiorito, Joe. Donation to body worlds breaks new boundaries. N.p., 27 Nov. 2009. infoiho.org. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Donating Your Body to Science | Funeral-Tips.com. | Funeral-Tips.com. Web. 28 April 2011. . Leaving a Legacy of Compassion. PETA Prime: Celebrating Kind Choices. Web. 28 April 2011. Loeben, Greg. Body and Organ Donation Should I Donate My Body to Science? Whole Body Donation for Medical Research, Education and Training. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. .

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Censorship and Political Misinformation Essay -- Censorship

Introduction In 1944, after the Red Army invaded Poland and imposed the communist system upon it, large groups of Polish society resisted the attempts at social conversion inspired by Marxist ideologies and Soviet example. Many social echelons were effected by the new social engineering which included, "expropriations, ideological and organizational unification, and party and state control over social, political, and economic life." (Karpinski. 1997). Writers, artists and educators had success bypassing such strict censorship and were able to deliver their messages to the public, teaching values different than the ones officially approved by their government. After 1956, Polish historians, sociologists, and philosophers were able to publish valuable works that were free of Marxist ideological obligations. Some authors chose to bypass censorship completely by publishing abroad. The development of unofficial, uncensored, and underground publishing in the 1970's broadened the channels of public c ommunication. Radio Free Europe and other Western radio stations broadcast works published abroad and in the underground, giving them stronger resonance throughout the world. Typically, controlling ideological unification, regulating flow of information, and neutralizing critical opinion are the focal points of government controlled censorship. For centuries, the Chinese people have been isolated from the rest of the world due to the People’s Republic of China, or PRC, government’s strict censorship laws. Though the rise of the Internet has increased the flow of information within China, all information is heavily scrutinized by the current censorship machine known as the Golden Shield Project, colloquially referred to as the Great Fi... ... Road Blocks. Washington: GPO, 2006. Web. Pierson, David. "China: Online Call for Protests in China Prompts Crackdown - Latimes.com." Los Angeles Times - California, National and World News - Latimes.com. 26 Feb. 2011. Web. Schrage, Elliot. "Testimony: The Internet in China." Official Google Blog. 15 Feb. 2006. Web. Solomon, Richard. Mao’s Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 United States. Federal Communications Commission. Fiscal Year 2008 Performance and Accountability Report. Washington: GPO, 2008. Web. Watts, Jonathan. "China's Secret Internet Police Target Critics with Web of Propaganda | Technology | The Guardian." The Guardian. 14 June 2005. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. Karpinski, Jakub, and Tibor Dessewffy. "Dissidents--Then and Now". Transition. Feb. 21 1997: 14-23. SIRS Researcher. Web. 02 Feb. 2011.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two issues that worry many scientists are global warming and the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. What does the greenhouse effect have to do with global warming? When humans release gases into the air, the greenhouse effect will alter the temperature of the earth. More gases in the atmosphere means the earth will start to get warmer, and the result is global warming. On the other hand, if there was no greenhouse effect, the earth would be too cold for humans to comfortably exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to talk about global warming, we must first learn what causes the greenhouse effect. The three most common greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Many of the sun’s rays are absorbed by water vapor. Water vapor is a natural atmospheric gas and it accounts for â€Å"80 percent of natural greenhouse warming; the remaining 20 percent is due to other gasses that are present in very small amounts† (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 488). A greenhouse gas known as carbon dioxide is the second biggest absorber of the sun’s heat rays. Humans affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in many ways. Every time fossil fuels are burned, more carbon dioxide is released into the air. Car exhaust emissions also increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, and more carbon dioxide means more heat rays being absorbed. This will cause the earth’s temperature to warm. Another greenhouse gas is methane. â€Å"Methane absorbs infrared radiation 25 times more effectively than carbon dioxide, making it an important greenhouse gas despite its relatively low concentration† (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490). Many studies have been performed on how methane is released into the atmosphere. Results have shown that methane is â€Å"generated by biological activity related to rice cultivation, leaks in domestic and industrial gas lines, and the digestive process of domestic livestock, especially cattle† (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490). The Environmental Media Services Organization has found that the greenhouse effect â€Å"could drive temperatures up as much as 6 degrees by the year 2100 – an increase in heat comparable to the 10 degree warming that ended the last ice age† (Fast Facts). If a 10-degree warming was the factor that ended the last ice age, imagine what a... ...bal warming process has started, it is very hard to reverse it. Global warming temperatures grow exponentially and we will have to create an answer for global warming sooner than people think. I don’t know how to start the process of burning less fossil fuels. All I know is global warming has to be stopped if we want to keep living the way we do now. If it isn’t stopped, the problems discussed in this paper will only get bigger and bigger and the ending result will ultimately be death. Works Cited â€Å"Campaign to Stop Global Warming.† State PIRGs (public interest research groups) Working Together. Mar. 2006. 4 Oct. 2007 http://www.pirg.org/enviro/global_w/fact.html. â€Å"Fast Facts.† Environmental Media Services. 10 July 2006. 23 Oct. 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.ems.org/climate/sub2_climate.html. Murck, Barbara W., Brian J. Skinner, and Stephen C. Porter. Environmental Geology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. 488-490. â€Å"The Planet Speaks.† The Wilson Quarterly 25.4 (Autumn 2006): 124. â€Å"To Save Lives, Give Global Warming the Same Priority As Biological Weapons, Says WWF.† WWF Global Network. 5 Nov. 1998. 27 Nov. 2006 http://www.panda.org/news/press/news.cfm?id=158.

Americans Take Their Education For Granted :: essays research papers

Americans Take Their Education For Granted   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americans take their education for granted. Education has become one of the most important aspects of a person's. With seventeen years of formal education, a person can do almost anything he or she wants to do. Yet many in America take this for granted. Some American students today would rather not be in school. They would be much happier at home or going someplace with their friends. Once in school, many students forget why they are there—to get an education. Instead of going to classes, students might cut class or not even show up to school at all. I think our decreasing status as an economic super power can be attributed in part to the effects of this attitude. I believe there are two reasons behind this attitude--the lack of family values and the lack of responsibility taken by some of America's youth. Children often do not understand the value of the education they are receiving. Parents need to drill the importance of an education into their child's head. If children are not made aware of how meaningful school is, chances are they will fail when they are adults. Parents have to instill in their child the discipline and motivation it takes to do well in school. Parents have to teach their children that school always come first. Students need to put school on top of their priority list too. Parents also need to assure that their children understand their own responsibility to get their work done well and handed in on time. But parents can only do so much—ultimately it is the students who have to do the work. Children must learn to accept responsibility for the results of their own actions. Students will sometimes blame the teacher or others if they get bad grades. I have only one response for these students--the teachers aren't the

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

My Best Holiday Celebration Essay

  Syria is a mixture of cultures , it combines between Christians and Muslims , as 30% of the population is Christians and the rest is Muslims ; people in this country celebrate together the same holiday festivities whereas Christians have many holiday celebrations such as the head of the year , and Muslims have two per a year such as ead feter and ead adha . And one of the best holiday celebrations ever was ead feter which we celebrate it for many reasons. One major reason of this holiday is to break the fast after thirty days without eating from the sunrise till sunset . And during this thirty days , people sit together sharing a large dinner then they watch many series and competitive programs on the TV . Moreover , most of them stay awake till evening telling each other stories and comics , and as Islamic people share the celebration of the head of the year with Christians , also Christians people share the dinner and the celebration with them. Furthermore , the important part of this celebration is the communication between families, whereas after this thirty days all the members of every family should visit each other, and across the generations the older instructs the younger , and the younger enlivens the older. In the same way , even who are unconnected by blood they should at least call each other on the phone and say hello , such as friends or neighbors. Another reason is to remind rich people to donate the poor people by many ways . For instance , there is something called Zakat which is mean that people should donate 2.7% of their money account for poor people by hand instead of philanthropic organization .In addition, neighbors exchange each other (rich people to poor people) the food they made to make close relations gather together. Other important reasons exist , but in conclusion ,I can tell from this celebration that the familiarity and the intimacy between all the members of the society such as friends even different religions , families , and neighbors all in all can be stronger and closer much more than any days during the year.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Principles Of Behaviorism Essay

The principles of behaviorism are represented through a sequence of events and possibly lead to â€Å"time-out† period. Time-out is used by parents as a disciplinary tool towards their misbehaving child. Parents respond to a child’s actions through reinforcement, whether it be expressed by a positive or negative feedback. When a child does something unacceptable or troublesome the parent may use seclusion as a type of punishment known as â€Å"time-out.† After the child has done something wrong they must sit in a quiet area by themselves and ‘think about what they had done wrong.’ The time-out isolation usually is dismissed after the child has â€Å"cooled down† and acknowledges their behavior and is ready to act appropriately. Time-out usually influences a child’s behavioral development by learning the consequences of disobedience. This type of reinforcement could have many consequences based on the parent’s discretion. Some parents may use the threat of deprivation as a further penalty. The removal of the child’s TV, video games, cell phone or time with friends may be taken away until the child has fully understands why they are being punished. If the parents have successfully reinforced the child’s behaviors throughout development, the child should not be repeating a punishment for the same bad behavior that was once acknowledged. The child’s behavior should have already been handled and the frequency of misbehaving should decrease.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

AC/DC Band

AC/DC is the most popular rock Band ever. They were formed by 2 brothers in Sydney Australia. There debut was on New Years Eve in a club. They were inspired by ‘ Friday On My Mind†. They were #72 on the rolling stone list in 2004 and they ranked 7th place for the best heavy rock band ever. They have sold 200 million copies world wide. In the late 70s they relocated to England. Their first album was powerage it was released on May 5th 1978. It was the First time they had released an album in the U.S The only made 2 albums for Australia. . High Voltage and TNT were the 2 albums that were for Australia and they are in the band setlist. The Young brothers had predisposed themself to rock but they still had a lot of respect for the Blues and classic rock. In 1979 Highway to hell was made. The album showed that AC/DC will not abandon their reckless provocative ways. When Bon Scott died they replaced him with a vocalist named Brian Johnson's. His voice was similar Scotts voice but it was more cleaner. In the 1980s and 90s they released many records. That was the golden Age for them. They grew larger and larger they rose to headliner status on huge festivals like Rock in Rio and England's Monsters of rock. In 1974 and 1978 in Australia they became the most popular band their. The band made regular appearances on live tv they had a lot of hit albums In Australia. They had survived the punk rock upheavals. They survived that because the British press music press. In the 1980s Bon Scott died from a night of heavy drinking. The band members were deciding to quit but Scott's parents encouraged them not to quit. In 1991 one concert went wild. 3 fans were crushed to death in Salt lake Utah. A year later they paid the three families an undisclosed amount of money. It was an out court statement. After that incident they laid low for a couple of years. They came back in the spotlight in 1995. They went on tour in April 10th 2015 but they are only doing 10 shows. Brian johnson had to leave early because of hearing problems. In 2002 the Band was ranked 50 bands you should see before you die. The recording industry association increased their sales in the U.S.. AC/DC is the fifth best selling Bands ever in the U.S in music history. In New York they went to the Waldorf Hotel in New York. They were there because their reveal to the Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame. In 2004 they made it to #72 on the Rolling Stone list In 2017 Malcolm Young died he was the age at 64 he had a disease called dementia. Bon scott died in the 1980s after a night of drinking. All the other members are still alive today. Brian Johnson is still in the band. He is doing the tour in America. Brian dropped out of the tour for hearing probelms. In conclusion this is why AC/Dc is the greatest Bands of all time. They had sold 200 million albums worldwide. They released may albums in 1980 and 1990. They made it in the Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame in 2003. They also have many fans around the world. They had gone through good times and bad times where they wanted to quit. They also came back to America in a couple decades they were going to do a tour. Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC,rockhall.com/inductees,http://acdcweb.yaia.com/biography.html

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Graded Unit

| | |This project contains information about activity of exercise which I will do with a service user at my placement. It will base on | |sociological and psychological knowledge and also current policies and legislations. | | | |I am student in a local authority day centre. My placement supports adults with physical and sensual impairment.The day centre | |provides range of different groups designed for disabled people. I have chosen an exercise group to my project to describe an | |individual service user. | |The organisation is registered service and regulated by the Care Inspectorate which was established by Regulation of Care ( Scotland| |) Act 2001. Trained and qualified staff works with the Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC) requirements. All service users | |within the placement are treated accordingly with the criteria delineated by the National Care Standards – Support Services. |Each service user in the organisation has his key worker, who creates an individua l care plan based on assessments and taking into | |account the needs and expectations of the individual. | |As a student in the placement I comply with all regulations listed above. In the centre I provide appropriate level of care and help| |in taking part in all available activities. Treat all service users with dignity, privacy, give to all service users choice, provide| |safety, allow realising potential and take account of equality and diversity to each individual. |I chose an individual who I named Mr X to the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998 to mention that personal information have | |to be used in fully anonymous as awareness of confidentiality and one of a main principal of National Care Standards and SSSC – to | |respect a privacy of service user. | | | |Mr X is disabled since 2009 after when he had cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and resulting in his left sided weakness. Despite his | |disability he still lives in his own home and has a support worker.He is keen to remain as independent as possible but is | |frustrated by his poor mobility. He uses wheelchair fulltime and suffers from epilepsy and diabetes. | |Mr X grew up in nuclear family. He had both parents and sibling – brother and four sisters. His siblings and his mother still live | |and they all are in very good relation to each other. | |Mr X grew up in very familiar environment during his primary socialisation and values gained through this time transferred on his | |later life. He also had a lot of friends. Mr X was very attached to his family and treats closest people as the most important.As | |Bowlby’s theory of attachment says that through attachment to mother Mr X’s basic physiological needs had been satisfied in primary | |socialization. | |(Malim. T, Birch. A. ,1998) | | | |According to one of functionalists George Murdock theory that family performs four main functions. One of the functions is | |reproductive function relate to rising child ren and take responsibility for them. | |(I. Marsh, M. Keating, S. Punch, J.Harden; 2009) | |Firstly Mr X was attached to his mother as she was his primary caregiver while in his adulthood he directed his attention to his | |wife. She took care of him after the loss of his mobility. | | | |Eli Zaretsky, one of Marxists says that view of ideal family, detached from economic world is only illusion. He means that families | |are a source of cheap labour. In according to Mr X’s life I can say that he and his wife were also parts of the ‘family economy’.He| |worked with Scottish Water and his wife was a cleaner in local school and also as nursing auxiliary. They had spent mostly time at | |their work places which caused lack of time to spend with children. | |(Zaretsky. E; 1976) | |Now his source of socialisation is only his family, mainly his sons who he sees regularly. | | | |Mr X experienced feeling of loss. Firstly he lost his health through CVA and his wife which passed away two years after he became | |disabled. |Based on Elizabeth Kubler – Ross On Death and Dying research in which she presented five stages model by which I going to describe | |Mr X’s feelings: | |Denial and isolation – Mr X after lost his health and wife felt that what had happened was very unfair and hard to accept by him. | |Anger – Mr X felt that God does not exist because in other way the tragic situation would never have happened. | |Bargaining – Is a form of truce, begging and promising himself and God, trying to make a deal with the God. |Depression – Mr X gave up and became resigned and lack of motivation to continue living. | |Acceptance – Mr X accepts the present life with the supports of hisfamily. Also classes in the Day Centre give a new meaning to his | |life. | |(E. Kubler – Ross; 2003 ) | | | |To analyse a personal needs and development of Mr X I use PIES model of needs and Maslow's Hierarchy of Hum an Motivation. |There are four categories: physical need to improve Mr X’s mobility, intellectual need to through communication and reflects on the | |choice of appropriate equipment to perform an exercises, emotional to rise Mr X’ self esteem and strengthen his self – confidence, | |and also social need as interaction with other service users. | | | |Maslow's hierarchy of human motivation believes that to achieved the higher-order needs must first meet the basic needs. |During Mr X’s healthy life he was happy and fully satisfied. He had love each other family – wife and two sons so he felt | |belongingness and been attached, he was working so was independent and also received respect from colleagues. He had also very | |active social life. Mr X used to enjoy playing golf and football during his healthy life so he was very active person. He has seen | |himself as very sociable individual enjoying a beer with friends. He was leading successful life until became disable.The | |disability made him unable to do things from previous days. His motivation decreased and he became very frustrated. | |(R. Gross; 2005) | | | |I started my preparation to an activity with a consultation with a manager. I chose as activity exercise group and gained permission| |from the manager to perform the activity.Then I discussed my chose with Mr X’s key worker and also gained from the key worker a | |care plan of the service user and other significant information regarding Mr X’s background, family, health condition and general | |risk assessment. | | | |An important factor for me was a conversation with Mr X and eventually gained permission from him. I explained clearly to the | |service user how the activity will be proceeded. Through the conversation and observation of Mr X’s I learnt what he expects from | |the activity.Also I assured him of his right to choose a course of the activity whether to amend decision. I am going to abide by | |the rules such as National Care Standards by giving to Mr X choice and treat him with dignity and communicate with him in | |appropriate and open way. | |Thanks exercises he hopes to regain the mobility in legs. In the exercise group he feels is given him a purpose to get up of bed and| |the opportunity to interact with his peers in a supported environment. | |I spoke with the leader of exercise class about the course and the main objectives of group.Also the leader informed me that the | |exercise group will take place in main hall of the placement and showed me the room in which it is held needed equipment. | | | |In my placement is using personal – centred planning model of care. The idea of the model was created by O’Brien and Lovett. This | |model is targeted for people who want to change something in their life. The model also focuses on make individuals as independence | |as possible.Mr X has significant left sided weakness and he requires a high level of assistance with all tasks and activities. He | |would like to attend a local gym to work more on building strength on his left side. He also discussed with his support worker a | |possibility of using community venues out with the Day Centre that may have activities running that would keep him busy and involve. | | | | | |For my project as I mentioned I chose exercise group.Main purpose of activities is to keep Mr X as fit as possible, encourage him | |to exercise and more motivated to make progress in becoming back to his mobility. It will make him a lot of satisfaction and | |increase their confidence and belief in his own abilities. Classes also will allow him to be among peers to avoid allowing it to | |feeling of isolation. During the activity I will communicate with Mr X in openly and clearly as awareness of SSSC Codes of Practice | |and Human Rights Act 1998. | |To my activity I intend to use the appropriate music played from a CD and exercise equipment stored in a d esignated lockable room. |The first step will bring a stroller with the equipment and the preparation of music Initially, it will be simple exercises in the | |warm-up then we will use selected by Mr X weights, stretching equipment and balls. To carry out a risk assessment I will carefully | |check environment if there are any type of hazards such as spillages on a floor or other obstacles around Mr X and others service | |users, remove these threats. Also all equipment to be checked if there are any damaged equipment and remove them. I have to make | |sure that the individual took appropriate medication due to his epilepsy and diabetes. |I planned my activity on 19 of March 2013. The activity will take about 70 minutes with 10 minute break for tea, coffee or something| |cooling to drink in terms of the diabetes of Mr X which excludes sweetened beverages. | |During my activity I will use personal – centred planning model of care because the model let me focus on the individua l | |expectations and also let me be fully involved into the activity as Mr X as well. As a method I would be most likely to use | |Essential Lifestyle Plan of Method of Intervention.During this method is taken into account a health condition, communication. | |Health and safety of the individual is a priority as maintaining Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. | |In case of Mr X is very suitable to him the Essential Lifestyle Plan to achieve the objectives which is to give satisfaction to Mr | |X, being able to do exercises that will increase their confidence and belief in their own abilities I am going to be patient and | |empathic, also treat with respect Mr X’s choice in the type of exercises to underpinning Equality Act 2010, National Care Standards | |and SSSC. |To maintain Safe Practice during performance of activity I make sure that I provide the safest environment for Mr X and other | |service users, myself and leading worker. During this I comply with Health and Safe ty at Work Act 1974. | | | |As a contingency plan I will go with Mr X to a local museum because the service user is sympathetic to the history of the town. | | | |In the above project I contained my plan for an activity focusing on needs and development of Mr X.Information above includes | |method and model of care to be used, sociological and psychological concepts which helped me better understand and feelings and | |needs of the service user in terms of regulations and polices underpin antidiscrimination practice and principles essential in | |social care. | |REFERENCES | |Alangul. S, Meggitt.C; Further Studies for Social Care; 2002 | |Bingham. E; HNC in Social Care; 2009 | |Gross. R; The Science of Mind and Behaviour; 2005 | |Kubler – Ross. E; On Death and Dying; 2003 | |Maclean. S, Shiner.M; Social Care and the Law in Scotland; 2011 | |Malim. T, Birch. A. , Introductory Psychology ; 1998 | |Marsh. I, Keating> M, Punch. S, Harden. J; Sociology – Making Sense of Society; 2009 | |Miller. J, Gibb. S, Baker. G, Graham. D, Lancaster. E, Hollis. S; Care in practice for Higher Still ; 2005 | |O’Donnell.M; Introduction to Sociology; 1997 | |Zaretsky. E; Capitalism, the Family and Personal Life; 1976 | | | | | |http://www. learning-theories. com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs. html | |http://www. simplypsychology. org/Erik-Erikson. tml | | | |Codes of Practice for Social Service Workers and Employers | |General Risk Assessment of Mr X | |National Care Standards – Support Services | |Personal Care Plan of Individual and additional information gained from manager and individual’s key worker | Word Count |1 868 |

Friday, September 13, 2019

Three sides of abortion debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three sides of abortion debate - Essay Example The legal right of a woman to undergo an abortion has not resolved many ethical issues that surround the procedure of abortion (Fry, Veatch and Taylor, 2010). There are three stances people have on abortion include pro-abortion, middle ground that abortion can be accepted, and anti-abortion, and the arguments for these stands are discussed. There are individuals who support abortion on the basis that it is not wrong, and does not need the involvement of undesirable consequences. To look at this argument in another way, it tends to neglect the rights of the fetus or even acknowledge the fetus as a person. There are individuals who consider abortion as the right of a woman hence she is solely liable to the way she controls her body. Moralists who take part in judging actions argue that abortion is simply a deliberate failure to conceive a child, and with availability of contraceptives in mind, abortion should be too. By contrast, there are those who think that the fetus being a person, has limited rights that has no significant weight on the interests of the people already born who include the parents and children of that particular family. All the same, people supporting abortion do so on the fact that the overwhelming principle behind abortion is the woman and her rights to choose what to happen to her body.

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renaissance - Essay Example His history reveals those factors which played a major role in the lives of Florentines as they stood on the threshold of the Renaissance. The Chronicle of Giovanni Villani demonstrates that Florence exemplified Renaissance Italy with its emphasis on commerce and the advancement of artistic creativity and was greatly affected by the devastation caused by the plague. Villani’s account of Florence as a thriving commercial center demonstrates that it was this economic prosperity which was one of the driving factors of the Renaissance in Italy. As typical of Renaissance Italian city-states, Florence is a flourishing center of commerce and an integral part of the trade network with the Eastern Empire. As fitting in any description of a commercial center, Villani holds â€Å"the income and expenditure of the commune of Florence in this period† to be one of the â€Å"great features of our city† (41). He goes on to give a detailed account of the income generated by the c ity’s manufacturing guilds, which are obviously the power houses of Florence’s economy and the foundation of its wealth and power. Villani demonstrates the dominance of the city’s largest industry, the woolen cloth makers by asserting that their workshops â€Å"were 200 or more, and they made from 70,000 to 80,000 pieces of cloth which were worth more than 1,200,000 gold florins --- and more than 30,000 persons lived by it† (42). In addition to the manufacture of cloth, the importers and sellers of Transapline cloth â€Å"imported yearly more than 10,000 pieces of cloth, worth 300,000 gold florins† (42). Villani glosses over the noble magnates and knights and gives the greater importance to the merchants, mercers, bankers, bakers, stone and carpentry masters and â€Å"many other masters in many crafts† (42) who make up the guilds. This supports our knowledge of Renaissance Florence, in which the members of a craft or merchant organization fo rmed the commune which wielded authority over the political and economic affairs of the city. Villani confirms the erosion of the power of the traditional landed aristocracy in the Italian Renaissance, saying, â€Å"but from the time that the people began to rule, the magnates no longer had the status and authority enjoyed earlier† (41). Villani makes it clear that it is the members of the manufacturing guilds and professionals who are at the top of the social hierarchy. Renaissance Florence’s dominant position in the trade network is supported by Villani’s account of the city’s ability to meet the famine. Unlike other towns which ejected their beggars at this time of want, â€Å"the commune of Florence --- received and provided for a large fraction of the poor mendicants of all Tuscany† (39). The commune arranges for grain to be bought from Sicily and the regions surrounding the city (Romagna and Arezzo), to be transported at great expense and use d to feed all the citizens. Villani pays tribute to Florence’s economic power by asserting that â€Å"in mitigation of this famine the commune of Florence spent in those two years more than sixty thousand golden florins† (39). Villani’s chronicle bears testimony to economic power and trade being the main cause for Florence’

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Two Types Of Arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Types Of Arguments - Essay Example It should not be based on personal opinion (although there is always room to present personal opinions) rather a good argument would be based on facts, figures and data which can be supported by relevant research (Ramage & Bean, 1989). In fact, research is a fundamental part of any argument being made since it shows that a person has studied the topic in detail and the conclusions made by them are based on facts. The argument concludes with a summation of all the facts that support the argument and (if possible) refute the facts that go against the position being taken by the speaker/writer. In the conclusion, the person making the argument can also give his/her personal opinion if it is acceptable to do so. Normally such opinions can be given unless the rules of conduct expressly forbid them as in certain setting within a court of law (Ramage & Bean, 1989). With the summation, the position argument ends with a reinforcement of the thesis and the premise of the argument. This type of argument asks the writer/speaker to present a solution to a given problem or to convince the readers/audience to take some actions based on the proposal being offered to them. The central part of the argument is often emotional and people can be motivated into action by empathy, friendship, love, even fear and hatred. Despite the emotional element, a rational element is also necessary since it shows that the argument comes from a logical stand point and has the necessary factual weight behind it as a rational support (Fraigley & Lester, 2004). Such arguments are most commonly seen on TV news shows where different speakers may present different solutions for a hot topic. For instance, the war on terror or the situation in the Middle East may bring out different responses and different proposals from various individuals and they can argue about their plan being better than

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Managment Development (Management) Research Proposal

Managment Development (Management) - Research Proposal Example Essentially benchmarking involves â€Å"carrying out an audit on two fronts† (Evans 138). One needs to identify current processes and practices in a business or organization and then probe their weaknesses. The next step involves identification of companies that have proved to be experts in a given field and then trying to match or even better their performance. The rationale behind benchmarking is that if you do not know what the best practices in the industry are, then chances of being the best are almost zero. It is also a tried and tested method of matching competitor strength and even eclipsing them in the market place. A good example where benchmarking has been used lately is in the field of mobile technology. Apple Inc caused a stir when it introduced the hugely popular touch screen phone the iPhone. Coupled with its top notch marketing strategy, the company easily set the benchmark in trendy mobile technology. Not to be outdone, rivals such as Nokia and Samsung used Apple’s touch technology to produce mobile phones which have gained a foothold in the market and proved to be worthy competitors. This proposal will therefore try to find out the extent to which benchmarking has been used as a strategy and with what success. A literature review will be conducted and appropriate recommendation given. According to Damelio, benchmarking is a â€Å"process and not an event† (71). It involves constantly looking outside the organization to learn the tricks of achieving excellence in an organization. In other words it is a learning experience and once the lesson is learnt then the process is applied in the company. The first step in the process of benchmarking involves a thorough understanding of the current norm of business and then analyzing the business practice of others who are considered the pace setters in the industry. The next step involves doing complete analysis of the variance

Monday, September 9, 2019

The Tyranny of the Majority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tyranny of the Majority - Essay Example Gayism and lesbianism are two practices strictly prohibited in the Arab world, and any one seized in the practice or openly advocates to have practiced it face dire consequences. Massad observed that the supporters of gay international movement have produced literature used to disseminate information about gays and lesbianism in the Arab world. Moreover, Mossad noted the oppression in which most gays and lesbians leave in the Arab world, and most of them do not dare come out, though there are reported numerous cases of male homoeroticism. The fact that people fear coming out openly as gays or lesbians explains the precarious situation of these people in the Arab world, where culture is held conservatively, and all expected to tow a single line of culture and religion. In fact, Mossad remarks that the concept of homosexuality in the Arab world is considered unfamiliar as people do not expect to have any homosexuals or lesbians among their societies. Amar explains the perceptions of most leaders in the society towards those considered undertaking odd practices within a society. The Brazilian purity campaigns targeted prostitutes in all Brazilian cities. The prostitutes were considered an eye sore and a bad image to the cities and the country at large and had to be removed. As Amar explains, the main motive behind the massive sweeps of prostitutes in Brazilian cities was to facilitate the country clean its name not to be associated with promotion of sex tourism and prostitution. 4 The use of the church, provincial military police, feminist groups and international organizations, though obligated to help poor people involved in prostitution  targeted  getting rid of prostitutes from cities. On the contrary, the aim was not offering help to prostitutes to change their lives towards more sociable behavior. In this case, the police  were  the â€Å"moral guardians of the society and the campaigns were aimed at â€Å"disciplining the public sociability.5 This was a case of tyranny of the majority; they forced norms and values to others regardless of their views and perceptions. For many years, the American whites had protected the purity of the white race by discouraging and even criminalizing any sexual association between with whites and immigrants from Asia or Africa. Shah reported the surveillance of the borderlands that brought an ambiguity of contingency to protect American men from threats posed by different groups of masculinities, considered fo reign and degenerate.6 Therefore, racialization increased construction of masculinity in America  based on racial and sexual topologies necessary for  checking any relationships between their males and foreign immigrants. The immigrants were considered impure and a threat to the purity for the whites. Moreover, Naber explains the efforts to create Arab cultural identity especially among daughters in families.7 As Naber remarked, when a daughter rejected the concept of Arab womanhood even after migrating to a

Sunday, September 8, 2019

The Miracle of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Miracle of Life - Essay Example Life's Greatest Miracle takes the mystery out of reproduction, but leaves plenty of awe in its place. This film is an appropriate scientific adjunct for birds-and-bees discussions with children and teenagers. However, parents may want to preview the birth scene which, although sensitively filmed, may be too intense for younger viewers. The Miracle of Life records human conception for the first time on film, and much more. Living, functioning reproductive systems are laid bare to the camera, and there is so much to explore and absorb that Nova's expert guidance is much needed and appreciated. The viewer is also able to follow an egg from its follicular development in an ovary, through the delicate, flowery fallopian tube for fertilization, and on to the uterus for development and eventual birth. Likewise, the audience follows the shorter journey of millions of sperm as they develop and strive mightily to reach the egg. Among the stunning sequences shot by the photographer is the incredible voyage of the sperm toward the egg.

Zoologist Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zoologist Career - Essay Example This paper represents the facts about the zoologist career opportunities in a modern world. It describes the wide range of organizations a zoologist has a choice to work in and analyzes if it is profitable to work as a zoologist. It also talks about the necessary qualification for this profession and how a person who chose this career can get required skills and actual practice. As zoology is the scientific study of the structure, behavior, evolution and function of animals, therefore it can lead one to work in various institutions as a public health officer, for example, in industrial settings, museums, law firms, government institutions and even in the education sector. Other potential employers include cosmetic companies, agricultural departments, aquariums, and pharmaceuticals. With such numerous options to choose from, one’s interest goes a long way in making the right choice once a person receives the necessary academic qualifications. Although the duties performed by zoologist differ a lot, in many cases they engage in laboratory work and research. In order to pursue a career as a zoologist, one must have an interest in biological sciences and in particular they must love to work with animals and high levels of commitment. It is prudent for zoologist career to volunteer services to zoos and other zoology-related organizations as an intern. And like in numerous other occupations, it is much easier and more profitable to get into the profession with adequate academic qualifications.

Saturday, September 7, 2019

African American Outline Essay Example for Free

African American Outline Essay It happens to be common knowledge that throughout history African Americans have been oppressed, segregated, and disregarded as civil human beings. In the dawn of history Africans were regarded as animals and as such they would do the job of animals, however this paper will look at their sacrifices and fights to be treated as equals. United States Congress. (1866, April 9). Civil Rights Act. Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/exhibits/reconstruction/section4/section4_civrightsact1. html Amendments to the Constitution of the United States (2007)| Infoplease. It happens to be common knowledge that throughout history African Americans have been oppressed, segregated, and disregarded as civil human beings. In the dawn of history Africans were regarded as animals and as such they would do the job of animals, however this paper will look at their sacrifices and fights to be treated as equals. United States Congress. (1866, April 9). Civil Rights Act. Retrieved from http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/exhibits/reconstruction/section4/section4_civrightsact1. html Amendments to the Constitution of the United States (2007)| Infoplease. See more: argument essay format com http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838#ixzz2VD3iU0JEhttp://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838 Abolishment of slavery The abolishment of slavery brought on a war, not between two countries but a war that divided a country, one that is still spoken of today. The southern or â€Å"rebel† states rose against the President of the United States in retaliation of his and many others view that no man woman or child should be a slave. All people were created equal. Amendments to the Constitution of the United States (2007)| Infoplease. com http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838#ixzz2VD3iU0JEhttp://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0749825. html#A0749838 (13th, 14th, and 15th amendments) Africans in politics Although four million African American slaves were now free they had codes placed against them, the Black Codes restricted the lives and movement of these people. In order to override the codes the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments were drafted and passed. Not only was slavery abolished but all slaves were now citizens and in such race could no longer be used to prevent the vote of a person. Africans now had a voice on who was elected and soon they had African Americans running for government offices. Corbould, C. (2009) Becoming African Americans: Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919-1939 Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA, USA Harlem Renaissance African Americans soon were cast aside again, during the age of imperialism and leading into World War One Africans were struggling to make a life. Some fought in another war, this time not for their freedom but for the freedom from communism alongside their white counterparts. After the war ended blacks started to come together, the Harlem Renaissance was born. King, M. L. Jr. (2010) Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. Beacon Press. Boston, MA, USA Black power movement 1954 to 1963 America saw a strong struggle for the advancement of civil rights, equality and desegregation. From every day citizens expressing their belief in being equal to their white counterparts to lawyers fighting for the equality all had deserved. These times were pivitol in an unstable America. Not only were there these movements of civil equality and black power but also a war in a far land that many Americans were against at the time. Inventions and impact. From writers, inventors and powerful leaders throughout black history there are some that are household names and some that may be forgotten. I plan on taking a look back on those who through oppression continued to strive for better for themselves and for all. African Americans today Not long ago segregation was prominent, civil rights were abused, racism and hate were common. Today we have CEO’s, congressmen and senators, military leaders and the President of the United States who are all African Americans. No longer considered a minority in many’s eyes, African Americans have literally built themselves from slaves to leaders and teachers.

Friday, September 6, 2019

Legitimacy Crisis Essay Example for Free

Legitimacy Crisis Essay I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. I have used the â€Å"Harvard† convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay/report/project from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This essay/report/project is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature: Jvanrooyn Word Count: 308 excluding in-text citations Jihad Van Rooyen. Introduction to Politics, Tutorial Group #11 12 March 2014 Assignment #3 Legitimacy Crisis Revolutions result in a ubiquitous change in society. This essay ascertains themes throwing legitimacy into crisis through an evaluation of the sources of the French, Russian and Iranian revolutions. As stipulated by Max Weber in his legitimacy crisis ideals, society functions on a moral relationship between the ruler and the ruled (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:19). Non-acceptance by the ruled would result in a regime losing its legitimacy and pave way for a political break-down. This is emphasized by John Locke in the Social Contract, where he deemed that society has no moral obligation to the regime when the contract is breached (Spragens, 1997:34). Thus, legitimacy certifies political stability and must be lost before any revolution can transpire. The French Revolution was based on the constitutional and monetary crises, which lead to instability. Thus through the failure of the regime to meet demands, legitimacy was lost and a secular revolution followed (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:72). Relative deprivation was an immediate by-factor, clearly evident through the revolts against the structural conditions, which ultimately abolished absolute monarchy in France (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:74). Similarly to the French revolution, the Russian overthrowing of the old political system proved easier than consolidating power (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:79), especially after both revolutions were influenced by the regime’s spending on warfare. Both revolutions involved peasants uprising, owing to hunger, poverty and social inequality. The Tsar was not able to meet the demands of the citizens and in so doing lost credibility. In contrast, Iran’s old regime had not been ravaged by warfare nor had it suffered monetary failure, prior to its revolution (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:79). The revolution was a religious affair against the regime. Like the previous two revolutions, expectations amongst the people were not met by the regime. In conclusion, when a regime doesn’t fulfill its moral obligation to the people or if they do not meet the expectation of the citizens, relative deprivation could occur which could ultimately result in illegitimacy and a revolution.

Thursday, September 5, 2019

Architecture of a Digital Audio Workstation

Architecture of a Digital Audio Workstation Introduction A digital audio workstation (DAW) is an electronic tool, or program/software designed around the production of audio recording, editing post-production etc and often even video files. This tutorial will focus on illustrated components from FL Studio 12. A DAW can be broken down into three main components†¦. Recording audio from analogue and other sound sources Editing that audio with a variety of effects and plugins Exporting a project into an audio file (mp3, wav, flac, etc) Inputs and Outputs As touched up upon in my guide about the processes and components of a studio recording, in order to record audio, you need an ADC, and DAC in the form of a microphone or other sound source, when you connect the hardware up and boot the software, you will have to tell the DAW where it is recording audio from when starting a new project. This is where the mixer, and auxes/buses come in. What is an aux/bus? A bus is a connection of many different inputs/signals, and sending however much of the signal you want to another track, such as an aux. This is particularly useful for if you have found yourself creating a particular complex project. If you had for example eight drum tracks, it could be difficult to manage them all individually, so you can send them as a bus to an aux track for further editing to the mix. An auxiliary track on the other hand, is an actual track that can be manipulated. The aux track is the result of where your inputs have been routes, and is where you would process it with effects, such as reverb, compression or delay. Think of the aux as a sub-master track for these effects. The Interface The main elements you will come to use on the interface are the channel rack, piano roll, mixer, timeline. Most of this is commonplace to other DAWs, with minor differences to plugin usage. The mixer is very similar to a mixing desk. Here you can route channels to an insert (one of the many columns to the left), once a channel is routed to here, you can begin to add effects such as reverb, panning, equalization (EQ) and also record and add effects to audio in real time from microphones and other sound sources. In a typical studio setup, a physical mixing desk will interact directly, combined with automation, allows for a lot of interaction with each component. The piano roll allows you to essentially draw MIDI. It communicates with plugins that have a sound bank, such as Image-Lines Harmor, or Sakura to play the notes that you draw. You can also connect a MIDI controller, record what you play, and quantise to clear up imperfections. Various DAWs also feature a timeline where the body of your music is presented. In FL Studio 12, it is presented in the playlist, where you paint in patterns think a pattern for a drum loop, or certain parts of the song that occur more than once throughout a track. On a DAW such as Pro Tools, most of the editing is accessed via the timeline itself, granting easy access to plugins. Exporting your project When you are satisfied with a project, it is important to know your options when ready to convert the project into an audio file, which may determine the overall quality of your track When exporting a track, think how you would like that to be distributed. The .mp3 is the most common file type. Exporting at this quality usually ranges from 192kbps to 320kbps, the lower this value, the lower the overall quality, though the smaller the file size. Various places, such as Bandcamp allow for people to download your track in any format that works for them, in cases like this, .WAV, or .FLAC might be most appropriate file type, as these are types of Iossless compression retains more of the raw audio data, no loss of quality, compared to the lossy compression using .mp3 which attempts to remove data that your ears cannot normally cannot hear. Conclusion Hopefully you have been able to learn more about the interface of a DAW, while my preference is for FL Studio, there are many other popular DAWs like Pro Tools, Logic Pro and Cubase. When working with a DAW, I like to see it as a playpark, a place you can be as creative as you wish, there is no wrong way to make music, though being armed with the knowledge to start, will make the process much more enjoyable, and feel more natural. Sources http://www.signaturesound.com/recording-review-using-auxes-and-buses/ https://www.lynda.com/Ableton-Live-tutorials/What-digital-audio-workstation/120600/131990-4.html https://www.image-line.com/support/FLHelp/ http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/eq/