Monday, May 25, 2020

Gun Control And The Second Amendment Essay - 1981 Words

Gun Control has been a controversy for as long as people can remember. This Controversy has increased recently due to the mass shootings taken place all over the United States. Gun control has its pros and cons, Some believe â€Å"Gun control laws state that the Second Amendment was intended for militias; that gun violence would be reduced; that gun restrictions have always existed; and that a majority of Americans, including gun owners, support new gun restrictions.†While others say that the Second Amendment â€Å"protects an individual’s right to own guns; that guns are needed for self-defense from threats ranging from local criminals to foreign invaders; and that gun ownership deters crime rather than causes more crime.† To be able to pick a side one must look at the argument from both perspectives, that s what this paper accomplishes. You must go into detail about this issue and conduct research to form your own opinion. On the opposing side many argue that t he second amendment needs to be pushed more and the consequences need to be more severe. Citizens who believe gun control has its positives believe background checks help to prevent criminals, domestic abusers, and seriously mentally ill people from buying guns. The group says laws requiring background checks have prevented the purchase of guns by nearly 2 million people who should not have had them. Gun control laws protect children and families, and Gun massacres most often use legal weapons so increasing the gunShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Second Amendment1391 Words   |  6 Pages In the Constitution, the second amendment gives the American people to have the right to possess and bear arms. This amendment has been the most controversial issue since guns have been around. Issues such as gun control and gun ownership have remained a matter of debate and have been floating around in Congress. It has been rumored that Congress is forced to draft certain legislation in order to come up with a law against unlawful use of arms, and only owning them for safety purposes. When it comesRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe second amendment has always been deeply rooted in the American culture and constitution. The amendment states A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Being able to protect ourselves, gives us Americans a peace of mind, but now-a-days people are thinking otherwise. Being able to access a firearm so easily without a thorough deep background/mental health check is un-nerving. In the last twoRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1179 Words   |  5 Pages13 colonies. The Second Amendment has been up for many debates, especially in the recent light of mass shootings in the US. But does the entire removal and ban of firearms really work? Gun control and the second amendment has been a never ending conflict between politicians. As we look further into gun control there are more draw backs for the citizens than benefits. The Second Amendment was ratified to the US Constitution on December 17, 1791 by Congress. The Second Amendment states â€Å"A well-regulatedRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1166 Words   |  5 Pagesterrible about the Second Amendment; because pro-gun zealots use the Second Amendment to protect their immoral actions, but this is their twisted and corrupted interpretation on the meaning and intent of the Amendment because this is in no way the original premise of the Second Amendment. The right to bear arms laid out in the Second Amendment is just because guns are weapons for self-defense. Precautions are taken on gun control, such as keeping a permanent record of all gun sales, requiring a licenseRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesGuns, Guns, Guns. In today’s news Gun Control, has become a controversial topic. I have heard many people say that, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people†. So, do we need gun control? People talk because they have mouths, they don’t know the extent about gun violence. About half of the country’s population is for / against gun control. Consistently, the media outlets are reporting shootings, that is accidental or intentional whichever way it is trending across the United States. Stronger gunRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment994 Words   |  4 Pagescrimes take place every second and there is nothing we can do about it. Not only that, but, with the dramatic rise in mass shootings in our nation comes a compelling division between political and legal agendas predicated on the Second Amendment. I want to emphasize that every single crime is violent whether is involves a handgun, knife or nothing at all. Everyone in our nation knows the law and it is the offenders choices to break it and harm others. With that being said, guns dont kill people, butRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1850 Words   |  8 PagesWhene ver the Second Amendment is discussed, gun control is usually the focus of the discussion due to the connections that gun control and the Second Amendment have. Although the Second Amendment protects the individual right to firearms, the unlimited right is not. America was founded through guns, using their own arms to fight the British in order to gain independence, making it natural for America to be heavily focused on guns. However, many people have abused the weapon, making the controversialRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment922 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a long debate to determine if it’s better to have stricter access to firearms. America is one of the few countries that has gun rights embedded in their constitution. But what makes the US exceptional is that it has the right to keep and bear arms, other countries do not provide the right to have access to them, but rather, the government is allowed to regulate its use. The right to bear arms has also been the cause of growing violence and crime, at least according to anti-gunRead MoreGun Control and the Second Amendment2364 Words   |  10 PagesThe Second Amendment to the Constitution says, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed† (Agresti, 2009, para. 2). Based on a simple reading of this, it would seem that people do have the right to own and use firearms. So why are so many people trying to ban guns? Maybe it is because they do not understand what the Second Amendment actually means. Maybe it is because the media only reportsRead MoreThe Second Amendment And Gun Control928 Words   |  4 Pagesothers’ view of our own person are sometimes just as or more important. In reference to the Second Amendment and gun control, the author, Saul Cornell, makes a case for how sometimes every group can think they are the ones in the right, but at the same time, every group can ultimately be in the wrong. It is important to think of not just right or wrong and the rights given to citizens by the Second Amendment to the Constitution, but to think back deeper into history as well and what helped to found

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Cellular companies in pakistan. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5132 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION It is a common observation that all work and no play have negative impacts on the lives of the employees of any organization. Extended working hours at work places are the main reasons of health complaints and work related stress can lead to several serious accidents. So far number of studies and research has been conducted in order to bring into attention the serious problems long working hours can cause to the human health and mental conditions of employees. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cellular companies in pakistan." essay for you Create order Heart attacks, fatigue, stress, backaches and general health complaints are some of the issues one can face while working late and for longer period of time. A.E. Dembe in his article Ethical Issues Relating to the Health Effects of Long working hours which was published in April, 2009 reveals some of the major health issues that are caused due to the long working hours and shift work. According to A.E. Dembes findings long working hours and shift work raises the odds for workers to be injured, to be fatigued, stressed, and to suffer from a range of serious medical illnesses. In todays modern world economy has gained a pivotal position in any countrys progress and prosperity. Development of a country is now judged on the basis of increase in its economy rate per year, and in order to compete with the worlds economic market all the organizations of a country want workers who can work as much hours as they can. Some people are willing to work for late hours and can maintain a balance between work and private life, while most of the people have to work for late hours because they do not have an option and so they face some serious consequences for that. In many areas of the world eight hours is considered a traditional workday. Even though it is known as a standard workday, a large portion of the world population works more than eight hours. An employee often works more than eight hours a day because their employer requires it or because they need the money. Regardless of the reason for doing so, it has been proven that long hours can have a negative impact on an employee and his/her performance. The average hours worked by full time employees in Pakistan has increased over the last decade. Long work hours create work-life imbalance.   Praveen Kumar Tumma in his article Do working long hours increase the productivity of an employee? said; maintaining a work-life balance is extremely important for both the employer and the employee as this will help boost productivity and thus helpful in the long term. By definitionWork-life balance is about being able to maintain a balance between work and personal responsibilities on all fronts: Work and family  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Work and personal fulfillment- Work and social and community responsibility (Women in Employment Committee, 2003). As we know happy worker is a productive worker. It means that a balanced work-life is as crucial for employer as for employees and their families. Every employee has a specific reason which acts as a source of motivation for the worker. Some people work t o gain certain benefits, some for love and family and others for achieving goals of their lives. And if the motivation level goes down it ultimately affects the performance of the employee. Sometimes due to tough and busy schedule workers lives become narrow as they do not get enough time to spend with their families, friends and for other activities like sports etc. this directly or indirectly effects employees health, motivational level, fatigue levels and their performance. It is generally believed that working long hours increases the productivity. This concept is not correct because there are number of other factors involved in the increase of productivity of an employee, according to Praveen Kumar Tumma, it is a general concept that if employees would work for longer hours productivity will increasebut my opinion is different about that I think its not an ideal thinking and this is nowhere proved scientifically or generally, productivity is not linked up with the working hours which an employee exert but to what extent they enjoys working this is the basic thing.The long working hours affect the employees in both ways, in negative as well as in positive way. Because it depends how employees think of it. If they feel happy working long hours and enjoys their work then this will ultimately leads them to satisfy their basic needs and to achieve their personal goals (for example, helping others, or receipt of recognition of skills and achievements).Working on extended time some time provides employees with Quality timewhen there is no disturbance or very low and essentially rewarding work is complete, and prevention of the rush hours when traffic overcrowding is at its climax. Usually long working hours are taken as progress of work and increase in pay and benefits of employees, which usually increases the motivation level among employees who work longer and can lead to higher productivity. On the other prospective, long working hours effect negatively as well. Negative cost often depend on a series of factors such as the level of the responsibilities of employees for their families and his/her commitment in society activities. Long hours may function as a straight stressor in that workers need to continue performing sufficiently in spite of exhaustion. According to the report issued by Circadian Technologies un hygienic working conditions and sleeping deficiency can also lead to ergonomics injuries and lost workdays, especially among employees in extended-hours positions (regularly working outside the hours of 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.) This study identifies the effects of the long work hours and well being of employees of Ufone PTML, a telecom organization operating in Pakistan and the families of these employees in Pakistani perspective. This study will specifically examine the effects of long work hours on the employees of the Call Center Department. Organizations Background Ufone is one of the most popular and leading cellular companies in Pakistan. Initially it was used as a brand name for Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Limited (PTCL) which started its operation in 2001. But later on, when PTCL was privatized Ufone started functioning under the banner of Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Group (Etisalat) and became a part of it in 2006. Since than Ufone started working efficiently and till now it has expanded its network coverage to more than 750 cities, towns etc all over the country.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Operating Performance Ufones operational performance has been very encouraging. Despite the stiff competition in Pakistan telecom market which has led to reduction of prices to bare minimum level, due to its aggressive policies and exercising strict control over expenses the Company managed to improve its revenue and after-tax profit by 87% and 54% respectively, as compared to last year. Future Plans Keeping in view the growth potential of the cellular industry there is no option but to be aggressive in order to remain a potent force in the cellular industry. In order to extend cellular network to new cities, towns and highways and enhance its current installed capacities in existing cities, Ufone has finalized a huge network expansion contract amounting to about USD 550 million, which will enhance the subscribers capacity by 10 million. This is the largest ever expansion project of Ufone. A strong focus will be on maintaining high quality of service, which is always a benchmark of Ufone, increasing usage and exploring new revenue streams on value added services, market visibility through various market initiatives to fulfill subscribers satisfaction and demand and above all to increase the value of investment for the shareholders. 2. Ufone Mission In order to evolve with our customers and to keep pace with your needs, we rejuvenated and revamped our image by changing our visual identity 3. Ufone Vision To be the leading Telecommunication Services Provider in Pakistan by offering innovative Communication solutions for our Customers while exceeding Shareholder value Employee Expectations. 4. UFONE Departments Mainly the company has Nine departments. Their names along with some description are given below: Human Recourse Management IT Finance Administration Procurement Engineering Sales Marketing Customer Services Credit and Collection department. Customer service This department is basically the focus of this study. Its main function is to facilitate customers. PTA met whatever the requirements of the customers. But, there are certain rules established by this department which must be abide by the customers. They also help the customer by providing them the facility of Call Center (Help Line). Rationale of the Project Research: The purpose of this research is to provide profound knowledge of the topic, affects of long working hours on employee performance, different aspects of the issue and to summarize the topic with some positive findings. In the last decade, by globalization, Pakistani society faces different changes in the behavior of individuals, culture, technology, living style etc. This change ultimately also brought changes in the workplace environment. The objective of study is to convince employers that they can no longer afford to ignore the issue of work-life balance. If company wants to hire people, to retain them, motivate them, or to do succession planning they need to help employees balance their work-life. Problem Statement The research problem central to this study is: The effects of long working hours on employees performance of Ufone PTML. Objective of the Study Aim of this study is to look at different practical and theoretical approaches in which the long working hours affects the health, fatigue, motivational level and performance of the employees of Ufones Call Center Department. The main objectives of this study are as follows: To analyze the affects of working long hours on the health, motivational level, fatigue and work performance on the employees. The study will also examine the positive change i.e. improvement in the performance, health, fatigue level and motivational level of the employees in case the working hours are reduced. Itll illustrate the significance of the literature and the conclusions drawn. Literature Review The challenges of dealing with long working hours and maintaining the optimum performance level is part of everyday reality for the majority of employees working in the telecom sector of Pakistan. We believe that this report offers a different, holistic and productive approach to the challenge of dealing with long working hours and minimizing the consequences it has on the employees performance. Employer has a major role to play in this regard. Employers cant change the situation drastically by simply offering the policies of flexible timings for the employees. Employees must be brought into the process of designing and implementing flexible schedules for themselves in a way which leads them to perform in an optimum way and reach high levels of productivity. By doing so, the participants can jointly address the dual agenda of restructuring work and careers to meet both the organizations needs and how through their performance they can meet their respective targets. Chief Executive of the Mental Health Foundation, Dr. Andrew McCulloch while showing his concern on the rising number of people who work for long hours said that even though we hear a lot about the flexible work timings and other policies for the employees still the number of people working for long hours is increasing day by day. Initially parents were the only victims of the tough routine but now this issue doesnt simply stick to the parents. It is now must for everyone else too to maintain a balance between work and family life in order to avoid serious mental health issues. While highlighting the significance of the research conducted by the mental Health Foundation he further added that this situation will really cause some serious issues to the individuals in the long term. The culture of the workplace can have a significant impact on the ability of workers to balance their work and family lives. Companys workplace culture and climate affect employees perceptions that their company helps them work at a pace, which improves their productivity and enhances performance (Berg, 1997). Studying the impact of and dealing with the problems associated with long working hours and its effect on employees performance has become increasingly important in recent years across the Pakistan. This is due to the changes in the patterns and demands of work and changes in the needs and aspirations of employees from their work. The fast pace of technological development and an increased participation in the labor market; necessitate organizational changes and higher flexibility is the need of work force and employees simultaneously. The above factor has an impact on both individual workers and the success of companies (European Union, 2006). Various measures to achieve reconciliation traditionally included parental leave, maternity leave, paternity leave, childcare, benefits etc, as the term is closely linked to employment policy; it now also includes working time arrangement, flexible forms of employment, labor market flexibility, specific leave, etc. This is the how the term is used. Lonnie Golden in his briefing paper which was published under the banner of Economic Policy Institute, Washington D.C. gave three reasons due to which the long work hours affect the labors productivity. According to him Labor productivity is likely to be harmed by longer and more variable hours, for three reasons. One is fatigue effects. As the work week lengthens, productivity declines. A second is adverse efficiency wage effects. If workers interpret the removal of the overtime premium during the long work weeks as a cut in pay, they may respond by reducing work effort, leading to a decline in organizational productivity. Possible reasons include financial necessity, fear of job if they do not work the long hours, or personal commitment to an entrenched corporate culture (Qu, 2004). Susan Living in his article published on 5th October 2009 with the name How Long Work Hours Effect Employee Health and Wellness, describes several points in which long working hours effects badly on human minds and health. According to him, Employees can: Become exhausted, demotivated and dissatisfied. Produce less work and/or lower quality work Become more prone to sickness either major of minor health problems or likewise the ratio of sick leaves also increase which affects not only the employees performance and morale but also affects the business. Can be ashamed of being unable to work for long hours. Develop symptoms of workplace stress, possibly leading to serious ill-health down the track. Not have enough time to spend with partners and children so their personal relationships and wellbeing can suffer. Feel forced into making unfair and unrealistic choices between demonstrating dedications to the job and giving to their families. They believe that they will be perceived as lacking commitment if they ask for time off or will forfeit any possibility for advancement at work if they speak up and ask for a reasonable balance. Eventually give up and resign which can represent a loss of valuable talent for the employer and create more staff replacement costs. Having a good look at all of these points makes us realize that having employees work more and longer hours does not necessarily result in more work or higher quality work. In fact, the opposite is likely to occur and employee health and wellness and the health and wellness of the organization suffer accordingly. According to a study conducted by Muhammadi Sabra Nadeem and Dr. Qaisar Abbas of Management Sciences Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad in 2009 one of the organizational crises is because of the conflict in family matters and work matters. With the increase in dual family parents, the demanding jobs and long working hour made the things tough for employees to keep the balance among job and family life. In past work life balance problem was only thought and perceived to be attached with only female workers. Mens are not expected to take the care matters like partnering and caring but only to focus on their jobs so they dont feel any problem regarding work, family balance (Hearn, 1999). According to HR Magazine published in 2005 dilemma of work and family balance is now a days is also going to be a major problem with male workers as well. As recent research statistics shows that there is not such difference in the activities of men and women (HR magazine, October 2005). A Survey conducted by The Mental Health Foundation discloses some important findings regarding the dissatisfaction and unhappiness of the employees and the reason behind this discontent. According to the survey; mostly it happened that the amount time u spend out of working period is greater than actual work period in office result.   And if that happen the increase in persons weekly hours increase the level of tension among those employees The economical developments has increased the pressure on employees to work hard and put more efforts in doing their work. Though the organizations in Pakistan are paying healthy wages and salaries but the nature of work and routine has been bit hard for these workers of organizations. All these factors like work stress, long working hours and family problems leads to job dissatisfaction. A survey conducted by the researchers at the center for Labour Research at Adelaide University says that long hours are bad for individuals, couple relationships, children and the community fabric. HYPOTHESIS TO BE INVESTIGATED H0: Long working hours are not affecting the performance of employees. h3: Long working hours are affecting the performance of employees. H0: Fatigue does not result from working long hours. h3: Fatigue results from working long hours. H0:   Health of employees is not affected by long working hours h3: Health of employees is affected by long working hours. H0: Motivational level of employees is not affected by long working hours. h3: Motivational level of employees is affected by long working hours. PROJECT AUDIENCE The audience of the project is employees of Ufone PTML who were asked to fill in a questionnaire comprising of 22 questions. The findings and recommendations will be used by the private sector companies to analyze the effect of long working hours on the motivational level, fatigue, physical health and overall performance of employees. Methodology This section will discuss the sample selection procedure, the model used for the research and the statistical techniques employed to find out that how long working hours affect the employees of Ufones Call Center Department. The chapter will present how the research will be implemented and how to come up with the important findings. Sample Sampling methodology adopted for data collection is based on purposive sampling, as sample was selected from specific target. Main focus area is Call Center Department. To carry this research we have chosen Telecom Sector. In this regard we have selected samples of employees from Ufones Call center. The sampling frame is the total number of employees currently working at this department. We have assign numbers to the employees and chosen the sample of 117 employees on the basis of random sampling. Sources of Data For this project, we would be collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data would be gathered by visiting Ufone and observing its functionality, interviewing and interpreting result out of that. Primarily, the data would be presented through questionnaire method. Focus group technique would also be used for better observation and understanding. Secondary collection of the data would be studied from the prior research on the selected topic. Also, it would clearly define the purpose of our research. Procedure The data analysis tool which would be used in our study is SPSS. SPSS is a user friendly data analysis tool which accelerates data analysis and report generation. To check the effect of long hours and well being of employees and their families in Pakistani Perspective, a questionnaire will be developed and used for data collection. Few of the relationships that would help in summarizing the meaningful findings are; Positive effect and negative of work on family Satisfaction with hours and pay Positive effect of work on employee Population This is descriptive hypothesis testing study conducted on employee work performance, fatigue, health and motivational level of the employees of Ufone. A total of 150 respondents were contacted. The rate of response was 90.67%. The sample is taken from Ufone. Measurement In this study we focused on effects of long working hours on employees working the Call Center Department at Ufone including following facts:   Work performance, motivational level, fatigue and health. These concepts were measured as follows: Work Performance It is measured by five items. Work performance of employees can be measured using methods of; Performance Appraisals Job Analysis Balanced Scorecard Gap Analysis Financial Assessment. In this study method of Performance Appraisal (Dulewicz 1989) was used to measure work performance of the employees. This method is basically a simple way of income justification. This system was introduced to find out whether the salary of an employee is justified or not. According to Dulewicz 1989 a basic human tendency is to make judgments about those one is working with, as well as about oneself. This method considers only material outcomes. If an employees performance is not according to the expectations of the supervisor he/she has to face a cut in pay and if it is according to what supervisor has expected than therell be a rise in employees pay. This method is basically used to find out the importance of an employee to the organization by analyzing his/her attributes i.e. weaknesses, strengths, successes and failures. Motivational Level Every person is motivated by something. Whether this motivation comes from people and activities you enjoy like family, hobbies, eating, volunteering, or work, Motivational Level is measured using Maslows Hierarchy Theory. This theory was presented by Dr. Abraham Maslow in 1943. According to his theory human beings have number of unsatisfied desires and these are the motivating factors for which they work i.e. to fulfill those needs. According to Maslows leadership employers should understand these lower level needs like survival, love, respect, safety, physiological etc to be satisfied before higher needs of the employees. Fatigue According to a research conducted by Joanne White and Johanna Beswick one of the first effects of working long hours is that many people suffer from is fatigue. It seems intuitively obvious that working long hours will make an individual tired or fatigued. Researchers have analyzed fatigue effects in two ways: either by measuring it directly as an end in itself, or indirectly in terms of performance or health effects that are thought to be associated with fatigue. Fatigue can be measured by Research, Questionnaire etc. In this study The Piper Fatigue Scale is used to measure fatigue. It is basically a Survey comprised of 22 questions and takes only few minutes to complete and give accurate assessment of ones current fatigue level. The results of Piper Fatigue Scale give the degree to which the fatigue is affecting employees senses, thinking, behavior, emotions and overall. Health Health is measured by using Goteborg Quality of Life Instrument (Tibblin), (Tibblin, G., Svardsudd, K., Welin, L., Erikson, H. Larsson, B. (1993). This clinical tool deals with physical, psychological and social understandings. The psychological elements include fatigue, concentration, depression, memory, sleep and disturbance. The GLQ instrument seems to provide a reliable data and stable assessment of health and welfare of the employees. Results and Discussion Data Analysis After the whole data was collected and compiled, it is analyzed by different modern data analytical techniques. We used latest spss version to have a detailed analysis of our variables relating our objectives in formulation of our result. This empirical study is based on the affect of long working hours on the employees performance of Ufone taking in consideration their call center department. The variables of motivation, physical health and fatigue are measured by the given scales. And their relation is reviewed with the employee performance and long working hours. It was derived that motivation is the strongest variable among all. By this we concluded that motivation plays the pivotal role, in order to improve the performance of our employees. We also concluded that fatigue and physical health are also playing significant role in improving the performance. Independent Sample Test(T- Test) Fatigue Fatigue plays the significant part in performance of the organization. After analysis the mean of fatigue has found to be 2.1987 and the standard deviation has found to be 0.9990375. The viability of the variable is originated by applying the t-test. This test concludes as, if we have higher value T and greater interval of difference the variable will b more viable and practical. One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Fatigue 117 2.1987 0.9990375 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 Fatigue t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper do you agree that working long hours can lead to health problem eg (a,ha,hyp,stress) 31.882 116 .000 2.78632 2.6132 2.9594 doyou think there should be a policy of fatigue management 35.946 116 .000 2.97436 2.8105 3.1382 did you ever experience job related stress health issues etc due to long.w.hours 35.289 116 .000 2.96581 2.7994 3.1323 do you feel that higher management is concerned about physical health of their employees 20.490 116 .000 2.36752 2.1387 2.5964 Health Health is another important variable which is playing the significant part in performance of the organization. After analysis the mean of health has found as 2.7735 and the standard deviation has found as 0.999805. The viability of the variable is originated by applying the t-test. This test concludes as, if we have higher value T and greater interval of difference the variable will b more viable and practical. One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Health 117 2.7735 .999805 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 Health t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper do you agree that working long hours can lead to health problem eg (a,ha,hyp,stress) 31.882 116 .000 2.78632 2.6132 2.9594 doyou think there should be a policy of fatigue management 35.946 116 .000 2.97436 2.8105 3.1382 did you ever experience job related stress health issues etc due to long.w.hours 35.289 116 .000 2.96581 2.7994 3.1323 do you feel that higher management is concerned about physical health of their employees 20.490 116 .000 2.36752 2.1387 2.5964 Motivation Motivation is third important variable which is playing the significant part in performance of the organization. After analysis the mean of motivation is found to be 2.8803 and the standard deviation is found to be 0.980665 the viability of the variable is found by applying the t-test. This test concludes as, if we have higher value of T and greater interval of difference the variable will be more viable and practical. One-Sample Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Motivation 117 2.8803 0.980665 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 Motivation t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper do you consider that long working hours has anything to do with the motivation level 27.926 116 .000 2.75214 2.5569 2.9473 do you agree that employees motivation depends upon the needs and wants that are fundamental 36.346 116 .000 3.00855 2.8446 3.1725 So the whole reliability analysis says, Motive N Cronbach`s   alpha Fatigue 117 0.242 Health 117 0.080 Motivation 117 0.137 Group statistics The mean and standard deviation for the 3 variables namely employee health, fatigue and motivation are upon 5 point scale (1= strongly disagree and 5= strongly agreed, hence we can 1 is the lowest and 5 is the highest. Variables N Mean Standard Deviation Fatigue 117 2.1987 0.9990375 Health 117 2.7735 0.999805 Motivation 117 2.8803 0.980665 The above described data analysis shows that motivation is the strongest variable affecting employees performance. The above results are summarized in the following table and can be compared easily Conclusion After applying the T-test we reached to the following conclusion: Our third hypothesis, motivation led to higher employee performance as shown in the empirical analysis i.e. mean. The results proved that when employees are highly motivated it enhances their overall performance level. In short, if the general level of motivation is high amongst employees they would feel more empowered, which would help the organization to be more efficient and committed towards their tasks and in turn lead to higher employee performance. The more committed employees are; the better is the performance of the organization and hence, that would lead to the development of the organization. Our hypothesis relating motivation and employee performance is strongly recommended which is evident from the empirical analysis i.e. mean. The results show that high level of employee motivation will result in high employee performance. So organizations must motivate their employees in order to achieve proficiency. So concluding our results we come to know that the employees of the organization with high level of motivation will be more dedicated and empowered which will make them well organized, devoted and loyal towards the task and will lead to high employee performance. So we can say that if the employees of the organization will be committed they will give better performance and this will ultimately results in development of the organization. On the basis of this research it is concluded that both motivational level and employee performance are directly proportional. So organizations should emphasis more on motivating their employees in order to achieve innovation and development. But along with this the importance of other variables such as low levels of fatigue and maintaining good physical health are also important factors. In the end, on the basis of this research we can say that there is a positive relationship between employee motivational level and employee performance. Therefore organizations should concentrate their efforts more towards motivating employees and by doing so, the organization itself would be more innovative and developed. But at the same time the importance of keeping fatigue levels low and maintaining good physical health amongst employees are important factors. Discussion The present study is based on the theoretical framework on the effect of long working hours on the health, fatigue levels and motivational levels of employees. This is the empirical study in respect to employees at Ufone PTML described and compared along with the hypothesis. Employee performance is dependent upon three variables: health, fatigue and motivational level. Means of all variables have been compared with one another.   It has been observed that motivation is the strongest variable amongst the others. This means that motivation has the greatest impact on employee performance. The entire mentioned hypotheses are tested empirically and results are as under h3: hypothesis on employee performance is positively related and radically associated with the health, fatigue and motivational lev2el. It is scored higher by the respondents and the value is found to be 0.336 alpha H2: hypothesis on fatigue is also positively related and radically associated with the long working hours and the value is found to be 0.242 alpha. H3: hypothesis on health is also positively related and radically associated with the long working hours and it is scored by the respondents as 0.080 alpha. H3: hypothesis on motivation is found to be positively related and radically associated with the long working hours and it is scored highest by the respondents as 0.137 alpha. Findings 150 questionnaires were floated amongst the employees of Ufone. 117 questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 90.67 %. 14 Questionnaires were rejected as they do not provide the sufficient information to conduct the analysis. Sample size of 117 employees is used for the final analysis.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Comparing Suffering in Plaths Ariel, Stings, Lady...

Portrayal of Suffering in Plaths Ariel, Stings, Lady Lazarus, Wintering, and Fever 103 ° Sylvia Plaths poems evoke the worst of subjective fallacies. Probably some of our charged reactions are symptomatic of the times and the culture; but more of them seem to stem from the always-too-easy identification between troubled poet and what might be the tone of imagery and rhythm of the poem considered. Because Plath worked so intensively in archetypal imagery (water, air, fire as bases for image patterns, for example), many of her poems could be read as either dark wasteland kinds of expressions, or as the reverse, as death-by-water, salvation poems--destruction implied, but also survived, phoenix-like. Ariel, the title†¦show more content†¦The stasis is momentary, for immediately after the pause that the word shadows creates comes the fragmentary picture of the woman being forcibly taken through air--thighs hair / flakes from my heels. And the statement-like close of that vivid image is the apostrophe to the naked Godiva (physically, and emotionally, white, a link to the many images of purity and chastity in these Ariel poems), who finds her freedom in the physical act of unpeeling--not clothes, in this case, but Dead hands, dead stringencies. There is no motion in either of these things; either the sexual links with the image of hands, or the compulsive duty-oriented links with the image of stringency. Once free of these deadnesses, the rider/persona can then take off to the ecstasy that awaits her. That the progression has been a fairly tortuous one is suggested, effectively, by the back-and-forth emphasis on stasis and then speed; but that the poem ends with the sheer joy of movement can be read only as affirmation. Metamorphosis, transcendence blots out even those all-important cries from the children that other poems of Plaths show to be so beloved, as the poem closes (and the line arrangement here is, of course, mine): And now I foam to wheat, a glitter of seas, (The childs cry melts in the wall) and I am the arrow the dew that flies suicidal, at one with

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Integrative Model Explaining Community - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integrative Model Explaining Community. Answer: Introduction: Corporate sustainability responsibility refers to the form of the corporate self-regulation, which is integrated in the business model. In case of sustainable development, the development refers to the needs of the recent situation rather than compromising with the future ability (Heikkurinen and Mkinen 2016). In such way, the future generation will be able to meet with their needs. The sustainable development and corporate responsibility are interconnected. In the assignment, the focus is to explain the key points of the integrative perspectives. Moreover, the assignment discusses about the pros and cons of the politico ethical and critical perspectives of the CSR. Various challenges and issues of the Russian mining industry are discussed. The integrative perspective can be synthesized on the corporate responsibility by the competing perspective. The three perspective of the corporate responsibility are critical, politico- ethical and economic perspectives. Owen and Kemp (2013) mentioned that the economic role of the corporations cannot signify the democratic mechanisms and business practices. The integrative perspective develops the individual perspectives. The focal point of integrative perceptive helps to promote the interdisciplinary and collaborative management. This facilitates the grant applications. Jenkins and Yakovleva (2006) stated that the integrative work is based mainly on Rawlsian method. This method is of the reflective equilibrium. Integrative perspective helps to analyze the strength and weakness of the corporation. The politico- ethical and critical perspective of the corporate responsibility is mainly against of the anti- thetical perspectives. The pros of the perspective involve the boosts of the value as well as profitability. It helps to improve the company reputation. The perspectives enhance the customer relationship as well as improve the teamwork. The cons of the perspective involve the needs of the higher costs. The perspectives create the shareholder resistance. The perspective promotes the greenwashing by maximizing the profit and expectation of the managers. This helps to promote the responsibility of the executives to generate the profit (Gunningham, Kagan and Thornton 2004). The management system of the Russian mining industry is facing various challenges due to the globalization. They are very much aware of the international strategies. Maindonald (2011) stated that most of the mining companies in Russia are stuck to the traditional corporate responsibility. Therefore, they are struggling to get the successful strategies for the development in the international market. They need to develop new business model so that they can integrate in the international market. Before developing strategies, the Russian mining companies need to determine the social and cultural market. The companies will gauge the actual trust level between the population to develop the situation of the companies. The political and religious conservatism mainly imposed many of restrictions. The challenges of the economic perspective on corporate responsibility proponents the interpretation ranges. This mainly focuses on the shareholders to maximize the profit to provide benefits to the mining industry. According to Moffat and Zhang (2014), the primary responsibility of a manager in a business is to increase the corporate profit rate. The business manager needs to make logic plans, which can be implemented to the organization and make more profit. This will help to increase the reputation of the company. The social tasks include the economic efficiency, individual consideration and democracy. Various conceptions of the Russian philosophy help to know about the political and religious conservatism. In case of Russian mining industry, these perspectives play important role for the development of the industry. As mining industry is a big industry in Russia, it faces various issues to develop. The resources based fro the iron is not much attractive to invest as it belongs to the low grade. Another issue that the mining industry in Russia faces is the taxation issue. Bice (2014) mentioned that there is no proper infrastructure in many of the organization, which creates issues in the development procedure. To overcome the issues, implementation of new strategies is necessary. The workers, who work in the mining and engage for the mining, are facing the most of the issues. They do not get proper safety and working environment (Heikkurinen and Mkinen 2016). In present years, the corporate social responsibility and sustainability of the business increase the high profile issues. For the mining industry, the outcomes of the CSR agenda increase the needs of the individuals to justify the existence of the performance with the documentation. Yin (2013) mentioned the stronger leadership can the mining companies to overcome the issues regarding mining in Russia. The stronger leadership can reduce the issues regarding the manipulation of information. Moreover, this helps to reduce the fraud cases in the companies, which develops the company reputation. The leaders can maintain the transparency in the financial sectors of the company. There are various types of case studies that include the illustrative case studies, exploratory case studies, cumulative case studies and critical instance case studies. Illustrative case consists of several subdivisions and each has specific goals and objectives (Dare, Schirmer and Vanclay 2014). The exploratory case study utilizes the one or two events of the situation. On the other hand, Parsons, Lacey and Moffat (2014) stated that the explorative case studies help to implement the large scale investigation. Cumulative information helps to gather the information for various sites that utilizes the past studies without the additional cost. The critical instance case studies examine the one or more sites to examine the situation (Owen and Kemp 2013). Based on the above conclusion, it can be said that corporate social responsibilities and the sustainable development are related. Strong CSR strategies help to develop the company reputation with the development of internal structure. The condition of the mining industry is not good, which can be developed by the strong CSR model and sustainable development strategies. The stronger leadership can the mining companies to overcome the issues regarding mining in Russia. The leaders can maintain the transparency in the financial sectors of the company. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate new strong leaders to develop the condition of the organization in the mining industry in Russia. References Bice, S., 2014. What gives you a social licence? An exploration of the social licence to operate in the Australian mining industry.Resources,3(1), pp.62-80. Dare, M., Schirmer, J. and Vanclay, F., 2014. Community engagement and social licence to operate.Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal,32(3), pp.188-197. Gunningham, N., Kagan, R.A. and Thornton, D., 2004. Social license and environmental protection: why businesses go beyond compliance.Law Social Inquiry,29(2), pp.307-341. Heikkurinen, P. and Mkinen, J., 2016. Synthesising Corporate Responsibility on Organisational and Societal Levels of Analysis: An Integrative Perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-19. Jenkins, H. and Yakovleva, N., 2006. Corporate social responsibility in the mining industry: Exploring trends in social and environmental disclosure.Journal of cleaner production,14(3), pp.271-284. Maindonald, J.H., 2011. Qualitative Research from Start to Finish by Robert K. Yin.International Statistical Review,79(3), pp.499-500. Moffat, K. and Zhang, A., 2014. The paths to social licence to operate: An integrative model explaining community acceptance of mining.Resources Policy,39, pp.61-70. Owen, J.R. and Kemp, D., 2013. Social licence and mining: A critical perspective.Resources Policy,38(1), pp.29-35. Parsons, R., Lacey, J. and Moffat, K., 2014. Maintaining legitimacy of a contested practice: How the minerals industry understands its social licence to operate.Resources Policy,41, pp.83-90. Yin, R.K., 2013.Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.